xargs使用技巧 —— 筑梦之路

Unix命令都带有参数,有些命令可以接受”标准输入(stdin)”作为参数。而管道命令(|)的作用,是将左侧命令的标准输出转换为标准输入,提供给右侧命令作为参数使用。虽然,在 Unix 系统中大多数命令都不接受标准输入作为参数,只能直接在命令行输入参数,这导致无法用管道命令传递参数。比如,我们日常使用的 echo 命令就不接受管道传参。而 xargs 命令的作用,就是将标准输入转为命令行参数。

注意:xargs 后面的默认跟的是 echo 命令,所以它可以单独使用

帮助信息

xargs --help
Usage: xargs [OPTION]... COMMAND INITIAL-ARGS...
Run COMMAND with arguments INITIAL-ARGS and more arguments read from input.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Non-mandatory arguments are indicated by [square brackets]
  -0, --null                   Items are separated by a null, not whitespace.
                               Disables quote and backslash processing
  -a, --arg-file=FILE          Read arguments from FILE, not standard input
  -d, --delimiter=CHARACTER    Input items are separated by CHARACTER, not by
                               blank space. Disables quote and backslash
                               processing
  -E END                       If END occurs as a line of input, the rest of
                               the input is ignored.
  -e [END], --eof[=END]        Equivalent to -E END if END is specified.
                               Otherwise, there is no end-of-file string
  --help                       Print a summary of the options to xargs.
  -I R                         same as --replace=R (R must be specified)
  -i,--replace=[R]             Replace R in initial arguments with names
                               read from standard input. If R is
                               unspecified, assume {}
  -L,-l, --max-lines=MAX-LINES Use at most MAX-LINES nonblank input lines per
                               command line
  -l                           Use at most one nonblank input line per
                               command line
  -n, --max-args=MAX-ARGS      Use at most MAX-ARGS arguments per command
                               line
  -P, --max-procs=MAX-PROCS    Run up to max-procs processes at a time
  -p, --interactive            Prompt before running commands
  --process-slot-var=VAR       Set environment variable VAR in child
                               processes
  -r, --no-run-if-empty        If there are no arguments, run no command.
                               If this option is not given, COMMAND will be
                               run at least once.
  -s, --max-chars=MAX-CHARS    Limit commands to MAX-CHARS at most
  --show-limits                Show limits on command-line length.
  -t, --verbose                Print commands before executing them
  --version                    Print the version number
  -x, --exit                   Exit if the size (see -s) is exceeded
示例:

基本使用:

# 将标准输入转为命令行参数

echo "hello rumenz" | xargs echo

# grep接受管道传参

cat /etc/passwd | grep root

# echo 命令不接受管道传参

echo "hello rumenz" | echo


参数:

-d  指定分隔符,默认使用空格分割

# 空格作为分隔符

echo "one two three" | xargs mkdir

# 指定制表符为分隔符

echo -e "a\tb\tc" | xargs -d "\t" echo

-p  打印出要执行的命令并询问用户是否要执行

echo 'one two three' | xargs -p touch

-0 表示用 null 当作分隔符

find命令有一个特别的参数-print0,用来指定输出的文件列表以null作为分隔符

find /path -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm

# 指定多少行作为一个命令行参数

xargs -L 1 find -name "*.txt"

-n  指定每次将多少项作为命令行参数

echo {0..9} | xargs -n 2  echo

# 指定每一项命令行参数的替代字符串

# 将命令行参数传给多个命令

cat foo.txt
one
two
three

cat foo.txt | xargs -I {} sh -c 'echo {}; mkdir {}'

one
two
three

ls
one two three

# 将多行输入转换成单行输入

> cat rumenz.txt
1 2 3 4
5 6
7 8 9
> cat rumenz.txt | xargs
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

# 将单行文本转换成多行

> cat rumenz.txt
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
> cat rumenz.txt | xargs -n 3
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

# 指定分隔符进行行转换

> echo "rumenz:123:rumenz:456:rumenz:789" | xargs -d : -n 2
rumenz 123
rumenz 456
rumenz 789

# xargs和find结合

find . -type f -name "*.txt" -print | xargs rm -f

# 批量下载文件

cat rumenz.txt | xargs wget -c

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_34777982/article/details/125262113