以太坊Dapp开发通过truffle部署合约
Truffle是一个非常流行 DApp 开发框架，他可以帮我们处理掉大量无关紧要的小事情，让我们可以迅速开始写代码-编译-部署-测试-打包DApp这个流程
下面来演示一下truffle是如何部署一个合约的
前提工作：已安装truffle，granche-cli以及node等需要的依赖，可以参考我在以太坊Dapp这一分栏内的文章
首先需要将我们的ganache启动
[root@ ~]# ganache-cli
Ganache CLI v6.12.2 (ganache-core: 2.13.2)
Available Accounts
==================
(0) 0x797368b5C8BE44214263EC541268B923d44908a1 (100 ETH)
(1) 0x45Cc4Ca1CC14Fa8B937F891a2BCd8f3Eb89A486C (100 ETH)
(2) 0x35Bfe1333364fa019B47CeccB397f295f00DC95A (100 ETH)
(3) 0x53f7311235321bA38D7c08784Aa23dD4Cb8101E3 (100 ETH)
(4) 0xfeDE6BB3693006bdc8ce52f6C62767549eeD7591 (100 ETH)
(5) 0xA3d922a8542C2cEec2D12503fdD2552b970CE907 (100 ETH)
(6) 0xe5F6D71b98A7dBa783e44BaB2B88e8dBcAbb6B59 (100 ETH)
(7) 0x70E475CbCDA1e6A37cAb3EfbEE688E4AeC5bB147 (100 ETH)
(8) 0x0889602df801e19A26446542F5373A34C0A3470b (100 ETH)
(9) 0xD67dca7F27A471b13C2acA97Bf737A3A3FD44C49 (100 ETH)
Private Keys
==================
(0) 0xf0783482f9e83356f58d5ad46b4a3115ee44c8f6ed07778d802b04f43f2084c4
(1) 0x6cc4874b2eb70b6bf56fb052e7e2b91ed29acd1de2053ddfe3242d050f46b7c4
(2) 0xb74f8518913e8d7e7af911db60f7bf3fc82c0194b44fa471ce4aa75e3fffd1a7
(3) 0x9f219c5d615a00f266cd9a4dae923fd91f789571701ac67fc525d710fa78014b
(4) 0x748a74d9a06f431db0cdea00dce7bb38a780b1acc37e416f4bc18bbdf249ea9e
(5) 0xe5f2f85e947ea8c3d5d319e590a064d6eeac4829e2ba26645e4ef37088b704c9
(6) 0x28cdac10857c510c32c150edbef59a05e9d499825dfe41f00fe72eb5b1fdb3c5
(7) 0x6ebafac7402475609af624fcfd703acf1798a41d69a2ebb8bb199acf2a3d5a97
(8) 0xfaa4c05f1e2ecae4691ec413f1c0a3c992e9702e865f8e22921f89cee85b2f1b
(9) 0x30b91968397ccce46edeb2305d72f0699e6eee22dcd126a2b5b1829d97e5de11
HD Wallet
==================
Mnemonic: forward demise dial awake immune head during cement document vendor year shuffle
Base HD Path: m/44'/60'/0'/0/{account_index}
Gas Price
==================
20000000000
Gas Limit
==================
6721975
Call Gas Limit
==================
9007199254740991
Listening on 127.0.0.1:8545
测试我们的truffle是否安装成功
truffle -v
出现以下的内容证明安装成功
[root@]# truffle --version
Truffle v5.1.48 - a development framework for Ethereum
Usage: truffle <command> [options]
Commands:
build Execute build pipeline (if configuration present)
compile Compile contract source files
config Set user-level configuration options
console Run a console with contract abstractions and commands available
create Helper to create new contracts, migrations and tests
debug Interactively debug any transaction on the blockchain
deploy (alias for migrate)
develop Open a console with a local development blockchain
exec Execute a JS module within this Truffle environment
help List all commands or provide information about a specific command
init Initialize new and empty Ethereum project
install Install a package from the Ethereum Package Registry
migrate Run migrations to deploy contracts
networks Show addresses for deployed contracts on each network
obtain Fetch and cache a specified compiler
opcode Print the compiled opcodes for a given contract
publish Publish a package to the Ethereum Package Registry
run Run a third-party command
test Run JavaScript and Solidity tests
unbox Download a Truffle Box, a pre-built Truffle project
version Show version number and exit
watch Watch filesystem for changes and rebuild the project automatically
See more at http://trufflesuite.com/docs
在dapp目录下创建一个vote目录，进入到vote目录执行truffle unbox metacoin命令
truffle unbox metacoin
这是一个truffle自带一个工程，可以直接进行安装，安装成功后有以下的内容
[root@ vote]# ls
app contracts migrations test truffle-config.js
使用truffle compile命令编译合约源文件
truffle compile
这是成功编译出现的结果
[root@ vote]# truffle compile
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
✔ Fetching solc version list from solc-bin. Attempt #1
✔ Downloading compiler. Attempt #1.
> Compiling ./contracts/ConvertLib.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/MetaCoin.sol
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Artifacts written to /root/dapp/vote/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
- solc: 0.5.16+commit.9c3226ce.Emscripten.clang
编译完成之后我们再进行部署，使用 truffle migrate命令
[root@ vote]# truffle migrate
Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.
Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name: 'development'
> Network id: 1638243424148
> Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)
1_initial_migration.js
======================
Deploying 'Migrations'
----------------------
> transaction hash: 0x5eb2e706a7ec6abbcb2c69a3a82e7c7ce0708b24ee1c9006d42be404b6ec9c44
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 0
> contract address: 0x33a965d0B2873b984a2Be8C6004f17a728c23536
> block number: 1
> block timestamp: 1638243725
> account: 0x797368b5C8BE44214263EC541268B923d44908a1
> balance: 99.9967165
> gas used: 164175 (0x2814f)
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.0032835 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.0032835 ETH
2_deploy_contracts.js
=====================
Deploying 'ConvertLib'
----------------------
> transaction hash: 0x15c51c472a7cd546898680154f8c88c719e19c9863bd43e89f564c1444d19f08
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 0
> contract address: 0xaA82fe2C467ad275865B9c6ebA902aCFe979d47a
> block number: 3
> block timestamp: 1638243726
> account: 0x797368b5C8BE44214263EC541268B923d44908a1
> balance: 99.99396028
> gas used: 95470 (0x174ee)
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.0019094 ETH
Linking
-------
* Contract: MetaCoin <--> Library: ConvertLib (at address: 0xaA82fe2C467ad275865B9c6ebA902aCFe979d47a)
Deploying 'MetaCoin'
--------------------
> transaction hash: 0x14bc2665723f4aa5de359caf3666b921780f0a9f2841caa8c01dfb47a31b06ca
> Blocks: 0 Seconds: 0
> contract address: 0x60c65DABfF427a262CaadCDC53739De8D3d28917
> block number: 4
> block timestamp: 1638243727
> account: 0x797368b5C8BE44214263EC541268B923d44908a1
> balance: 99.98822922
> gas used: 286553 (0x45f59)
> gas price: 20 gwei
> value sent: 0 ETH
> total cost: 0.00573106 ETH
> Saving migration to chain.
> Saving artifacts
-------------------------------------
> Total cost: 0.00764046 ETH
Summary
=======
> Total deployments: 3
> Final cost: 0.01092396 ETH
这里我们还需要改动一下truffle-config.js当中的配置文件,使用vim truffle-config.js命令，将 development配置注释解开，并将develop注释，方便我们进行测试。
networks: {
// Useful for testing. The `development` name is special - truffle uses it by default
// if it's defined here and no other network is specified at the command line.
// You should run a client (like ganache-cli, geth or parity) in a separate terminal
// tab if you use this network and you must also set the `host`, `port` and `network_id`
// options below to some value.
//
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1", // Localhost (default: none)
port: 8545, // Standard Ethereum port (default: none)
network_id: "*", // Any network (default: none)
},
// develop: {
// port: 8545
// },
接下来进入到vote下面的app目录
执行npm run dev命令，此时这里报错
[root@ app]# npm run dev
> [email protected] dev
> webpack-dev-server
sh: webpack-dev-server: 未找到命令
解决办法：执行npm install webpack-dev-server -g命令进行全局安装
[root@ app]# npm install webpack-dev-server -g
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: The querystring API is considered Legacy. new code should use the URLSearchParams API instead.
npm WARN deprecated [email protected]: Please upgrade to version 7 or higher. Older versions may use Math.random() in certain circumstances, which is known to be problematic. See https://v8.dev/blog/math-random for details.
added 292 packages, and audited 293 packages in 4m
39 packages are looking for funding
run `npm fund` for details
found 0 vulnerabilities
接下来再次执行npm run dev命令
[root@ app]# npm run dev
> [email protected] dev
> webpack-dev-server
ℹ ｢wds｣: Project is running at http://localhost:8080/
ℹ ｢wds｣: webpack output is served from /
ℹ ｢wds｣: Content not from webpack is served from /root/dapp/vote/app/dist
ℹ ｢wdm｣: Hash: 9f5e63a62c8d71bc82f2
Version: webpack 4.41.2
Time: 2604ms
Built at: 2021/11/30 上午11:59:00
Asset Size Chunks Chunk Names
index.html 879 bytes [emitted]
index.js 2.43 MiB main [emitted] main
Entrypoint main = index.js
[0] multi (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 ./src/index.js 40 bytes {main} [built]
[../build/contracts/MetaCoin.json] 101 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/ansi-html/index.js] 4.16 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/html-entities/index.js] 231 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/web3/src/index.js] 2.01 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/index.js?http://localhost:8080] (webpack)-dev-server/client?http://localhost:8080 4.29 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/overlay.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/overlay.js 3.51 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/socket.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/socket.js 1.53 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/utils/createSocketUrl.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/utils/createSocketUrl.js 2.89 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/utils/log.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/utils/log.js 964 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/utils/reloadApp.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/utils/reloadApp.js 1.59 KiB {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client/utils/sendMessage.js] (webpack)-dev-server/client/utils/sendMessage.js 402 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack-dev-server/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js] (webpack)-dev-server/node_modules/strip-ansi/index.js 161 bytes {main} [built]
[./node_modules/webpack/hot sync ^\.\/log$] (webpack)/hot sync nonrecursive ^\.\/log$ 170 bytes {main} [built]
[./src/index.js] 2.08 KiB {main} [built]
+ 350 hidden modules
ℹ ｢wdm｣: Compiled successfully.
在浏览器当中输入127.0.0.1:8080就能看到我们这个合约的界面了
