原文作者：洪志道
原文链接： NGINX Unit介绍
转载来源：NGINX开源社区
介绍
NGINX Unit是一个多语言动态应用服务器，同样支持代理和静态文件。
是由NGINX作者Igor Sysoev亲自设计带领团队从零实现的高性能纯C服务器。
Unit的使用对开发者和运维非常友好。
关键特性：
灵活
- 用HTTP协议的RESTful JSON API更新任意粒度配置
- 极其强大和易用的路由管理请求
- 支持所有主流语言：GO, Python, JAVA, Perl, PHP, NodeJS, Ruby
- 支持负载均衡的代理
- 支持静态资源服务
性能
- 高并发：使用异步事件处理模型
- 低内存：使用连接和内存复用
- 每个应用语言的进程管理支持动态和静态分配
- 对Java, Perl, Python, Ruby支持原生多线程处理
安全和稳定性
- 处理请求的进程以非特权方式运行
- 进程间完全独立
- 不同的应用完全相互隔离
- 支持用容器化方式对应用程序进行namespace和file system隔离
- 支持SSL/TLS
社区和文档
完整示例：
{
"certificates": {
"bundle": {
"key": "RSA (4096 bits)",
"chain": [
{
"subject": {
"common_name": "Example Domain",
"alt_names": [
"Example Domain",
"Example Domain"
],
"country": "US",
"state_or_province": "CA",
"organization": "Acme, Inc."
},
"issuer": {
"common_name": "intermediate.ca.example.com",
"country": "US",
"state_or_province": "CA",
"organization": "Acme Certification Authority"
},
"validity": {
"since": "Sep 18 19:46:19 2018 GMT",
"until": "Jun 15 19:46:19 2021 GMT"
}
},
{
"subject": {
"common_name": "intermediate.ca.example.com",
"country": "US",
"state_or_province": "CA",
"organization": "Acme Certification Authority"
},
"issuer": {
"common_name": "root.ca.example.com",
"country": "US",
"state_or_province": "CA",
"organization": "Acme Root Certification Authority"
},
"validity": {
"since": "Feb 22 22:45:55 2016 GMT",
"until": "Feb 21 22:45:55 2019 GMT"
}
}
]
}
},
"config": {
"settings": {
"http": {
"header_read_timeout": 10,
"body_read_timeout": 10,
"send_timeout": 10,
"idle_timeout": 120,
"max_body_size": 6291456,
"static": {
"mime_types": {
"text/plain": [
".log",
"README",
"CHANGES"
]
}
},
"discard_unsafe_fields": false
}
},
"listeners": {
"*:8000": {
"pass": "routes",
"tls": {
"certificate": "bundle"
}
},
"127.0.0.1:8001": {
"pass": "applications/drive"
},
"*:8080": {
"pass": "upstreams/rr-lb"
}
},
"routes": [
{
"match": {
"uri": "/admin/*",
"scheme": "https",
"arguments": {
"mode": "strict",
"access": "!raw"
},
"cookies": {
"user_role": "admin"
}
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/cms"
}
},
{
"match": {
"host": "admin.emea-*.*.example.com",
"source": "*:8000-9000"
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/blogs/admin"
}
},
{
"match": {
"host": ["blog.example.com", "blog.*.org"],
"source": "*:8000-9000"
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/blogs/core"
}
},
{
"match": {
"host": "Example Domain",
"source": "127.0.0.0-127.0.0.255:8080-8090",
"uri": "/chat/*"
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/chat"
}
},
{
"match": {
"host": "Example Domain",
"source": [
"10.0.0.0/7:1000",
"10.0.0.0/32:8080-8090"
]
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/store"
}
},
{
"match": {
"host": "wiki.example.com"
},
"action": {
"pass": "applications/wiki"
}
},
{
"match": {
"uri": "/legacy/*"
},
"action": {
"return": 301,
"location": "https://legacy.example.com"
}
},
{
"match": {
"scheme": "http"
},
"action": {
"proxy": "http://127.0.0.1:8080"
}
},
{
"action": {
"share": "/www/static/",
"fallback": {
"proxy": "http://127.0.0.1:9000"
}
}
}
],
"applications": {
"blogs": {
"type": "php",
"targets": {
"admin": {
"root": "/www/blogs/admin/",
"script": "index.php"
},
"core" : {
"root": "/www/blogs/scripts/"
}
},
"limits": {
"timeout": 10,
"requests": 1000
},
"options": {
"file": "/etc/php.ini",
"admin": {
"memory_limit": "256M",
"variables_order": "EGPCS",
"expose_php": "0"
},
"user": {
"display_errors": "0"
}
},
"processes": 4
},
"chat": {
"type": "external",
"executable": "bin/chat_app",
"group": "www-chat",
"user": "www-chat",
"working_directory": "/www/chat/",
"isolation": {
"namespaces": {
"cgroup": false,
"credential": true,
"mount": false,
"network": false,
"pid": false,
"uname": false
},
"uidmap": [
{
"host": 1000,
"container": 0,
"size": 1000
}
],
"gidmap": [
{
"host": 1000,
"container": 0,
"size": 1000
}
],
"automount": {
"language_deps": false,
"procfs": false,
"tmpfs": false
}
}
},
"cms": {
"type": "ruby",
"script": "/www/cms/main.ru",
"working_directory": "/www/cms/"
},
"drive": {
"type": "perl",
"script": "app.psgi",
"threads": 2,
"thread_stack_size": 4096,
"working_directory": "/www/drive/",
"processes": {
"max": 10,
"spare": 5,
"idle_timeout": 20
}
},
"store": {
"type": "java",
"webapp": "/www/store/store.war",
"classpath": ["/www/store/lib/store-2.0.0.jar"],
"options": ["-Dlog_path=/var/log/store.log"]
},
"wiki": {
"type": "python",
"module": "asgi",
"protocol": "asgi",
"callable": "app",
"environment": {
"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE": "wiki.settings.prod",
"DB_ENGINE": "django.db.backends.postgresql",
"DB_NAME": "wiki",
"DB_HOST": "127.0.0.1",
"DB_PORT": "5432"
},
"path": "/www/wiki/",
"processes": 10
}
},
"upstreams": {
"rr-lb": {
"servers": {
"192.168.1.100:8080": { },
"192.168.1.101:8080": {
"weight": 2
}
}
}
},
"access_log": "/var/log/access.log"
}
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