我使用过的Linux命令之tailf - 跟踪日志文件/更好的tail -f版本

本文链接：http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/832760 （转载请注明出处）

用途说明

　　tailf命令几乎等同于tail -f，严格说来应该与tail --follow=name更相似些。当文件改名之后它也能继续跟踪，特别适合于日志文件的跟踪（follow the growth of a log file）。与tail -f不同的是，如果文件不增长，它不会去访问磁盘文件（It is similar to tail -f but does not access the file when it is not growing. This has the side effect of not updating the access time for the file, so a filesystem flush does not occur periodically when no log activity is happening.）。tailf特别适合那些便携机上跟踪日志文件，因为它能省电，因为减少了磁盘访问嘛（tailf is extremely useful for monitoring log files on a laptop when logging is infrequent and the user desires that the hard disk spin down to conserve battery life.）。tailf命令不是个脚本，而是一个用C代码编译后的二进制执行文件，某些Linux安装之后没有这个命令，本文提供了怎么编译安装tailf命令的方法。

常用参数

格式：tailf logfile

动态跟踪日志文件logfile，最初的时候打印文件的最后10行内容。

使用示例

示例一使用tailf命令跟踪日志

[root@web imx_server]# tailf log/WEB.LOG
        "seq": 5710,
        "clientId": 1291343201649254,
        "presenceStatus": "1"
} }})
16:09:21.324 DEBUG http-80-79 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649002, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 175}
16:09:21.444 DEBUG http-80-32 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:21.506 DEBUG http-80-79 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:23.239 DEBUG http-80-45 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649184, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 55}
16:09:23.327 DEBUG http-80-45 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.288 DEBUG http-80-145 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291283017076175, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 82}
16:09:24.339 DEBUG http-80-81 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291283017076151, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 142}
16:09:24.360 DEBUG http-80-64 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649090, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 40}
16:09:24.359 DEBUG http-80-143 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291283017076176, "op": "recv", "ncc0": 66}
16:09:24.878 DEBUG http-80-145 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.892 DEBUG http-80-143 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.896 DEBUG http-80-64 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:24.906 DEBUG http-80-81 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:25.095 DEBUG http-80-115 hyjc.filter.AccessCounterFilter - uri=/imx/cometd/service
16:09:25.095 DEBUG http-80-115 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - msgType IMX_ACTIVE_TEST msgBody {"clientId":1291343201649002,"presenceStatus":"1","seq":385}
16:09:25.095 INFO http-80-115 imx.client.ImxClient - Tx IMX_ACTIVE_TEST{seq=5711,client_id=1291343201649002,presence_status=1(presence_status_online),}
16:09:25.095 DEBUG http-80-115 hyjc.cometd.CometdServlet - { "cid": 1291343201649002, "op": "send", "sent": 0, "rc": 1, "msg": { "mt": "IMX_ACTIVE_TEST", "mb": {
        "seq": 5711,
        "clientId": 1291343201649002,
        "presenceStatus": "1"
} }}
Ctrl+C
[root@web imx_server]#

示例二编译安装tailf命令

有些Linux版本不带tailf命令的。

[root@smsgw root]# tailf
-bash: tailf: command not found
[root@smsgw root]#

到代码搜索网站www.koders.com输入tailf.c就可以搜索到源代码

tailf.c结果页面：http://www.koders.com/default.aspx?s=tailf.c&submit=Search&la=*&li=*

tailf.c源码页面：http://www.koders.com/c/fidB6EFAC156A7B4C4A46B38039C79B4AD34939EED0.aspx?s=tailf#L1

点左上角的download就可下载，也可直接下载本文附件tailf.zip。

[root@smsgw tailf]# unzip tailf.zip
Archive: tailf.zip
inflating: tailf.c
[root@smsgw tailf]# ls
tailf.c tailf.zip
[root@smsgw tailf]# gcc -o /usr/bin/tailf tailf.c
tailf.c:34:17: nls.h: 没有那个文件或目录
tailf.c: In function `tailf':
tailf.c:53: warning: passing arg 2 of `fprintf' makes pointer from integer without a cast
tailf.c: In function `main':
tailf.c:88: `LC_ALL' undeclared (first use in this function)
tailf.c:88: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
tailf.c:88: for each function it appears in.)
tailf.c:89: `PACKAGE' undeclared (first use in this function)
tailf.c:89: `LOCALEDIR' undeclared (first use in this function)
tailf.c:93: warning: passing arg 2 of `fprintf' makes pointer from integer without a cast
tailf.c:105: warning: passing arg 2 of `fprintf' makes pointer from integer without a cast
[root@smsgw tailf]#

修改一下tailf.c的源代码。

第34行附近：注释掉头文件，增加宏定义

//#include "nls.h"
#define _(s) s

第89行附近：把原来的代码注释掉

    //setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    //bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
    //textdomain(PACKAGE);

看了源代码之后，你是不是发现其实Linux命令其实并不太神秘。

注：本文附件中的tailf.c已经修改成下面的样子。

/* tailf.c -- tail a log file and then follow it
 * Created: Tue Jan  9 15:49:21 1996 by [email protected]
 * Copyright 1996, 2003 Rickard E. Faith ([email protected])
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
 * OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
 * ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 * 
 * less -F and tail -f cause a disk access every five seconds.  This
 * program avoids this problem by waiting for the file size to change.
 * Hence, the file is not accessed, and the access time does not need to be
 * flushed back to disk.  This is sort of a "stealth" tail.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
//#include "nls.h"
#define _(s) s

static size_t filesize(const char *filename)
{
    struct stat sb;

    if (!stat(filename, &sb)) return sb.st_size;
    return 0;
}

static void tailf(const char *filename, int lines)
{
    char **buffer;
    int  head = 0;
    int  tail = 0;
    FILE *str;
    int  i;

    if (!(str = fopen(filename, "r"))) {
	fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot open \"%s\" for read\n"), filename);
	perror("");
	exit(1);
    }

    buffer = malloc(lines * sizeof(*buffer));
    for (i = 0; i < lines; i++) buffer[i] = malloc(BUFSIZ + 1);

    while (fgets(buffer[tail], BUFSIZ, str)) {
	if (++tail >= lines) {
	    tail = 0;
	    head = 1;
	}
    }

    if (head) {
	for (i = tail; i < lines; i++) fputs(buffer[i], stdout);
	for (i = 0; i < tail; i++)     fputs(buffer[i], stdout);
    } else {
	for (i = head; i < tail; i++)  fputs(buffer[i], stdout);
    }
    fflush(stdout);

    for (i = 0; i < lines; i++) free(buffer[i]);
    free(buffer);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    char       buffer[BUFSIZ];
    size_t     osize, nsize;
    FILE       *str;
    const char *filename;
    int        count;

    //setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
    //bindtextdomain(PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
    //textdomain(PACKAGE);

    if (argc != 2) {
	fprintf(stderr, _("Usage: tailf logfile\n"));
	exit(1);
    }

    filename = argv[1];

    tailf(filename, 10);

    for (osize = filesize(filename);;) {
	nsize = filesize(filename);
	if (nsize != osize) {
	    if (!(str = fopen(filename, "r"))) {
		fprintf(stderr, _("Cannot open \"%s\" for read\n"), filename);
		perror(argv[0]);
		exit(1);
	    }
	    if (!fseek(str, osize, SEEK_SET))
                while ((count = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), str)) > 0)
                    fwrite(buffer, 1, count, stdout);
	    fflush(stdout);
	    fclose(str);
	    osize = nsize;
	}
	usleep(250000);		/* 250mS */
    }
    return 0;
}

[root@smsgw tailf]# gcc -Wall -o /usr/bin/tailf tailf.c
[root@smsgw tailf]# tailf
Usage: tailf logfile
[root@smsgw tailf]#