Spring-DI依赖注入

DI依赖注入

1.构造器注入

Ioc创建对象方式已经用过构造器注入了

2. Set方式注入【重点】

• 依赖注入：Set注入！

  • 依赖

    • bean对象的创建依赖于容器

  • 注入

    • bean对象中的所有属性，由容器来注入

【环境搭建】
1.复杂类型
2.真实测试对象

1.新建Module——spring-04-DI

2.新建Address类

package com.kuang.pojo;

public class Address {
    
    
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
    
    
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
    
    
        this.address = address;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
    
    
        return "Address{" +
                "address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3.新建Student类（存放各种类型的数据）

package com.kuang.pojo;

import java.util.*;

public class Student {
    
    

    //基本数据类型：name
    private  String name;
    //引用数据类型：address
    private  Address address;

    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    //配置类：Properties，自定义学生信息
    private Properties info;
    private String wife;

    public String getName() {
    
    
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
    
    
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
    
    
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
    
    
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
    
    
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbys() {
    
    
        return hobbys;
    }

    public void setHobbys(List<String> hobbys) {
    
    
        this.hobbys = hobbys;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
    
    
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
    
    
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
    
    
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
    
    
        this.games = games;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
    
    
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
    
    
        this.info = info;
    }

    public String getWife() {
    
    
        return wife;
    }

    public void setWife(String wife) {
    
    
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
    
    
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address.toString() +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbys=" + hobbys +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", info=" + info +
                ", wife='" + wife + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

4.在resource下新建beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
<!--     第一种： 普通值注入，使用value属性-->
      <property name="name" value="婉婉"/>
<!--     第二种：Bean注入，使用ref属性-->
      <property name="address" ref="address">

      </property>

      <!--第三种：数组注入-->
      <property name="books">
          <array>
              <value>红楼梦</value>
              <value>西游记</value>
              <value>水浒传</value>
              <value>三国演义</value>
          </array>
      </property>

      <!--第四种：list-->
      <property name="hobbys">
          <list>
              <value>听歌</value>
              <value>看电影</value>
          </list>
      </property>


      <!--第五种：给map类型注入值-->
      <property name="card">
          <map>
              <entry key="身份证" value="123342" />
              <entry key="手机号" value="1122422" />
              <entry key="银行卡" value="11111" />
          </map>
      </property>

      <!--第六种：给set类型注入值-->
      <property name="games">
          <set>
              <value>王者</value>              <value>王者</value>
              <value>吃鸡</value>
          </set>
      </property>

      <!--第七种：null值注入-->
      <property name="wife">
          <null/>
      </property>
      <!--第八种：空值注入-->
<!--      <property name="wife" value="" />-->

      <!--第九种：Properties值注入-->
      <property name="info">
          <props>
              <prop key="学号">12342</prop>
              <prop key="性别">女</prop>
              <prop key="年龄">15</prop>
          </props>
      </property>

  </bean>
    <bean id="address" class="com.kuang.pojo.Address" >
        <property name="address" value="保定学院"/>
    </bean>



</beans>

5.新建测试类

import com.kuang.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class myTest {
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Student student = (Student)context.getBean("student");
        System.out.println(student);
        System.out.println(student.getCard().get("182"));
    }
}

拓展注入方式——p命名空间和c命名空间

我们可以使用p命名空间和c命名空间进行注入
官方文档位置：


使用

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性值-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="潇潇" p:age="12"></bean>

<!--c命名空间注入，通过构造器注入：constructs-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:name="婉婉" c:age="15"></bean>
</beans>

使用流程

1.创建User对象

package com.kuang.pojo;

public class User {
    
    
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
    
    
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
    
    
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
    
    
        this.age = age;
    }

    public User(String name, int age) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        System.out.println("名字："+this.name+",年龄:"+this.age);
    }

    public User() {
    
    
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
    
    
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

2.创建配置文件userbeans.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--p命名空间注入，可以直接注入属性值-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="潇潇" p:age="12"></bean>

<!--c命名空间注入，通过构造器注入：constructs-->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:name="婉婉" c:age="15"></bean>
</beans>

3.测试

import com.kuang.pojo.Student;
import com.kuang.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class myTest {
    
    

    @Test
    public void test(){
    
    
    //获取ApplicationContext：拿到Spring的容器
        ApplicationContext context1 = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");
//        User user = (User)context1.getBean("user");
        User user = context1.getBean("user",User.class);
        System.out.println(user);
        User user2 = context1.getBean("user2",User.class);
        System.out.println(user2);
    }
}

使用junit测试pom.xml文件中要引入junit依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

注意点：

p命名和c命名空间不能直接使用，需要导入xml约束

p命名约束

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

c命名约束

xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"