本地部署一套以太坊私链，使用适用于联盟链的PoA共识
如果用默认的PoW共识,请看这篇: 体验篇 - 部署以太坊私链 (PoW)
(1)bootnode
在poa目录下建立三个文件夹，分别是bootdir,node1,node2三个文件夹。
mkdir poa
cd poa
mkdir bootdir node1 node2
在bootdir文件夹中创建bootnode节点用来做p2p网络路由。
./bootnode --genkey boot.key #创建名为boot.key的key文件。
./bootnode --nodekey boot.key #启动bootnode路由节点。
#回显信息如下, 之后启动node节点时会用到
UDP listener up self=enode://bde0739c7d9f213054575574d6e8e1df21147066a666bc939f29634dac947ad5c715a990d878264fe91a83c9fa0495911c824fe43329570c8d0510c8fa3243f2@[::]:30301
#或者 后台运行
nohup bootnode -nodekey boot.key -verbosity 9 -addr :30301 2>> bootnode_output.log &
(2)创建账户
在node1 node2 目录下创建账户 (密码 123456)
./geth account new
0xbac5564cc4f7528ebb6150270ee63b3fa1641b17
0x8a6673dc85e544bce6d4876f63cfcdc4e5c8cc08
(3)产生创世文件
使用puppeth来产生创世文件. puppeth是geth自带的程序，可以引导用户创建geth的创世文件。
运行puppeth在poa目录产生genesis.json文件
puppeth
#之后需要交互操作
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Welcome to puppeth, your Ethereum private network manager |
| |
| This tool lets you create a new Ethereum network down to |
| the genesis block, bootnodes, miners and ethstats servers |
| without the hassle that it would normally entail. |
| |
| Puppeth uses SSH to dial in to remote servers, and builds |
| its network components out of Docker containers using the |
| docker-compose toolset. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
Please specify a network name to administer (no spaces or hyphens, please)
> poa
Sweet, you can set this via --network=poa next time!
INFO [06-23|17:10:34] Administering Ethereum network name=poa
INFO [06-23|17:10:34] No remote machines to gather stats from
What would you like to do? (default = stats)
1. Show network stats
2. Configure new genesis
3. Track new remote server
4. Deploy network components
> 2
Which consensus engine to use? (default = clique)
1. Ethash - proof-of-work
2. Clique - proof-of-authority
> 2
How many seconds should blocks take? (default = 15)
> 2
Which accounts are allowed to seal? (mandatory at least one)
> 0xd71ad920f80e6a1e06689a720f24b335f22d557e
> 0x8bbc43acd355be0cecc61872e13e0a0e53c700b7
> 0x
Which accounts should be pre-funded? (advisable at least one)
> 0x0xd71ad920f80e6a1e06689a720f24b335f22d557e
ERROR[06-23|17:11:33] Invalid address length, please retry
> 0xd71ad920f80e6a1e06689a720f24b335f22d557e
> 0x
Specify your chain/network ID if you want an explicit one (default = random)
> 1500
INFO [06-23|17:12:05] Configured new genesis block
What would you like to do? (default = stats)
1. Show network stats
2. Manage existing genesis
3. Track new remote server
4. Deploy network components
> 2
1. Modify existing fork rules
2. Export genesis configuration
3. Remove genesis configuration
> 2
Which file to save the genesis into? (default = poa.json)
> genesis.json
INFO [06-23|17:12:27] Exported existing genesis block
What would you like to do? (default = stats)
1. Show network stats
2. Manage existing genesis
3. Track new remote server
4. Deploy network components
> ^C
(4)初始化并启动节点
# Init node1 & node2
echo "Init node1 & node2."
geth --datadir node1 init genesis.json
geth --datadir node2 init genesis.json
sleep 1s
# Startup node1
echo "Startup node1."
nohup geth --datadir node1/ --syncmode 'full' --port 30311 --rpc --rpcaddr 0.0.0.0 --rpcport 8501 \
--rpcapi 'personal,db,eth,net,web3,txpool,miner' --rpccorsdomain "*" --ws --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsport 8601 --wsapi 'personal,db,eth,net,web3,txpool,miner' --wsorigins "*" \
--bootnodes 'enode://bde0739c7d9f213054575574d6e8e1df21147066a666bc939f29634dac947ad5c715a990d878264fe91a83c9fa0495911c824fe43329570c8d0510c8fa3243f2@127.0.0.1:30301' \
--networkid 1515 --gasprice '1' -unlock '0xbac5564cc4f7528ebb6150270ee63b3fa1641b17' --password node1/password.txt --mine \
2>>node1/eth_output.log &
sleep 1s
# Startup node2
echo "Startup node2."
nohup geth --datadir node2/ --syncmode 'full' --port 30312 --rpc --rpcaddr 'localhost' --rpcport 8502 \
--rpcapi 'personal,db,eth,net,web3,txpool,miner' --ws --wsaddr 0.0.0.0 --wsport 8602 --wsapi 'personal,db,eth,net,web3,txpool,miner' --wsorigins "*" \
--bootnodes 'enode://bde0739c7d9f213054575574d6e8e1df21147066a666bc939f29634dac947ad5c715a990d878264fe91a83c9fa0495911c824fe43329570c8d0510c8fa3243f2@127.0.0.1:30301' \
--networkid 1515 --gasprice '1' -unlock '0x8a6673dc85e544bce6d4876f63cfcdc4e5c8cc08' --password node2/password.txt --mine \
2>>node2/eth_output.log &
# Jobs command
# jobs
# kill %1
# kill %2
# kill %3
踩坑记录
（1）启动节点挖矿时，需要带上标志–syncmode “full”，否则汇报错误：
Clique : Discarded bad propagated block #1 when syncing
（2）启动节点挖矿时，需要在启动时带上 --unlock “账号”，否则会在挖矿一定时间后会报挖矿失败，需要解锁的错误。
参考
- http://www.cnblogs.com/xd502djj/p/3612131.html
- https://blog.csdn.net/fengyifei11228/article/details/5737371
- http://www.cnblogs.com/mfryf/archive/2012/05/09/2491322.html