前言
**
建议收藏，亲手写一遍代码，感受指针神奇的魅力；
可以帮助你更好的巩固知识体系，熟悉指针，结构体与函数一起使用时的妙处
**
完成通讯录管理系统所需知识体系
1.结构体
2.指针
3.函数的封装
4.指针与函数的结合使用
5.指针与结构体的结合使用
结构体
联系人结构体
struct person
{
string name;//姓名
string sex; //性别
int age; //年龄
string phone;//手机号
string home;//地址
};
通讯录结构体
struct addressbook
{
struct person personArray[MAX]; //通讯录扩展到100；
int size=0; //当前联系人个数(后面就相当于i++)
};
函数模块
void menu();//菜单
void putit(addressbook* add);//添加联系人
void showperson(addressbook* add);// 显示联系人
int if_include(addressbook* add, string name);//判断联系人
void deleteperson(addressbook* add, int i);//删除联系人
void findPerson( addressbook* add);//查找联系人
void cleanperson(struct addressbook* add);//清空所有联系人
菜单
void menu()
{
cout << endl;
cout << "**********【主菜单】************" << endl;
cout << "---------1.添加联系人:----------" << endl;
cout << "---------2.显示联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------3.删除联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------4.查找联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------5.修改联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------6.清空联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------0.退出通讯录：---------" << endl;
cout << "*******************************" << endl;
}
添加联系人
void putit(addressbook* add)//添加联系人功能
{
if (add->size == MAX)
cout << "通讯录已满" << endl;
else
{
string name;
string sex;
int age;
string phone;
string home;
cout << "请输入姓名" << endl;
cin >> name;
add->personArray[add->size].name = name;
cout << "请输入姓别" << endl;
cin >> sex;
add->personArray[add->size].sex = sex;
cout << "请输入年龄" << endl;
cin >> age;
add->personArray[add->size].age = age;
cout << "请输入电话号码" << endl;
cin >> phone;
add->personArray[add->size].phone = phone;
cout << "请输入家庭住址" << endl;
cin >> home;
add->personArray[add->size].home = home;
add->size++;
cout << "添加联系人成功" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
menu();
}
有人问添加联系人函数中为什么要使用指针?
因为值传递中形参无法改变实参；
而利用指针的地址传递可以通过函数中的形参改变实参；
具体原理可以参考博主之前的指针基础和指针进阶内容]
显示联系人
void showperson(addressbook* add)
{
for (int i = 0; i <add->size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名： " << add->personArray[i].name;
cout << "\t姓别： " << add->personArray[i].sex;
cout << "\t年龄： " << add->personArray[i].age;
cout << "\t电话号码： " << add->personArray[i].phone;
cout << "\t家庭住址： " << add->personArray[i].home << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
menu();
}
判断联系人
int if_include(addressbook* add, string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < add->size; i++)
{
if (name == add->personArray[i].name)
{
return i;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
}
}
删除联系人
void deleteperson(addressbook* add, int i)
{
for (; i < add->size; i++)
{
add->personArray[i] = add->personArray[i + 1];
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
查找联系人
void findPerson( addressbook* add)
{
cout << "请输入您想要查找的联系人：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int ret = if_include(add, name);
if (ret == -1)
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
else
{
//查到此人，进行显示操作
int i = ret;
cout << "姓名：" << add->personArray[i].name << "\t";
cout << "性别：" << add->personArray[i].sex << "\t";
cout << "年龄：" << add->personArray[i].age << "\t";
cout << "联系方式：" << add->personArray[i].phone << "\t";
cout << "地址：" << add->personArray[i].home << endl;
}
//按任意键清屏
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
清空所有联系人
void cleanperson(struct addressbook* add)//清空所有联系人
{
cout << "是否确认清空？" << endl;
cout << "1 --- 是" << endl;
cout << "2 --- 否" << endl;
int a;
cin >> a;
if (a == 1)
{
add->size = 0;//将当前记录联系人数量置为0，做逻辑上的清空操作
cout << "通讯录已清空" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
main函数
int main()
{
menu();
addressbook add;//定义一个通讯录
int choice=1;
while (choice != 0)
{
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)//选择
{
case 1: putit(&add);
break;
case 2: showperson(&add);
break;
case 3: {
cout << "请输入你要删除的人的名字" << endl;
string aname;
cin >> aname;
if (if_include(&add, aname) == -1)
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
break;
}
if (if_include(&add, aname))
{
deleteperson(&add, if_include(&add, aname));
}
}
break;
case 4:
break;
case 5:
break;
case 6:
break;
case 0: cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
return 0;
break;
default: {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入" << endl;
break; }
}
}
}
源代码
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
#define MAX 100
struct person
{
string name;//姓名
string sex; //性别
int age; //年龄
string phone;//手机号
string home;//地址
};
struct addressbook
{
struct person personArray[MAX]; //通讯录扩展到100；
int size=0; //当前联系人个数(后面就相当于i++)
};
void menu();//菜单
void putit(addressbook* add);
void showperson(addressbook* add);
int if_include(addressbook* add, string name);
void deleteperson(addressbook* add, int i);
void findPerson(struct addressbooks* add);//查找联系人
void cleanperson(struct addressbook* add);//清空所有联系人
int main()
{
menu();
addressbook add;
int choice=1;
while (choice != 0)
{
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1: putit(&add);
break;
case 2: showperson(&add);
break;
case 3: {
cout << "请输入你要删除的人的名字" << endl;
string aname;
cin >> aname;
if (if_include(&add, aname) == -1)
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
break;
}
if (if_include(&add, aname))
{
deleteperson(&add, if_include(&add, aname));
}
}
break;
case 4:
break;
case 5:
break;
case 6:
break;
case 0: cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
return 0;
break;
default: {
cout << "输入不合法，请重新输入" << endl;
break; }
}
}
}
void menu()
{
cout << endl;
cout << "***********【主菜单】***********" << endl;
cout << "---------1.添加联系人:----------" << endl;
cout << "---------2.显示联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------3.删除联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------4.查找联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------5.修改联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------6.清空联系人：---------" << endl;
cout << "---------0.退出通讯录：---------" << endl;
cout << "********************************" << endl;
}
void putit(addressbook* add)//添加联系人功能
{
if (add->size == MAX)
cout << "通讯录已满" << endl;
else
{
string name;
string sex;
int age;
string phone;
string home;
cout << "请输入姓名" << endl;
cin >> name;
add->personArray[add->size].name = name;
cout << "请输入姓别" << endl;
cin >> sex;
add->personArray[add->size].sex = sex;
cout << "请输入年龄" << endl;
cin >> age;
add->personArray[add->size].age = age;
cout << "请输入电话号码" << endl;
cin >> phone;
add->personArray[add->size].phone = phone;
cout << "请输入家庭住址" << endl;
cin >> home;
add->personArray[add->size].home = home;
add->size++;
cout << "添加联系人成功" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
menu();
}
void showperson(addressbook* add)
{
for (int i = 0; i <add->size; i++)
{
cout << "姓名： " << add->personArray[i].name;
cout << "\t姓别： " << add->personArray[i].sex;
cout << "\t年龄： " << add->personArray[i].age;
cout << "\t电话号码： " << add->personArray[i].phone;
cout << "\t家庭住址： " << add->personArray[i].home << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
menu();
}
int if_include(addressbook* add, string name)
{
for (int i = 0; i < add->size; i++)
{
if (name == add->personArray[i].name)
{
return i;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
}
}
void deleteperson(addressbook* add, int i)
{
for (; i < add->size; i++)
{
add->personArray[i] = add->personArray[i + 1];
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void findPerson( addressbook* add)
{
cout << "请输入您想要查找的联系人：" << endl;
string name;
cin >> name;
int ret = if_include(add, name);
if (ret == -1)
{
cout << "查无此人" << endl;
}
else
{
//查到此人，进行显示操作
int i = ret;
cout << "姓名：" << add->personArray[i].name << "\t";
cout << "性别：" << add->personArray[i].sex << "\t";
cout << "年龄：" << add->personArray[i].age << "\t";
cout << "联系方式：" << add->personArray[i].phone << "\t";
cout << "地址：" << add->personArray[i].home << endl;
}
//按任意键清屏
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void cleanperson(struct addressbook* add)//清空所有联系人
{
cout << "是否确认清空？" << endl;
cout << "1 --- 是" << endl;
cout << "2 --- 否" << endl;
int a;
cin >> a;
if (a == 1)
{
add->size = 0;//将当前记录联系人数量置为0，做逻辑上的清空操作
cout << "通讯录已清空" << endl;
}
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
由于代码量过大，建议大家可以试着分文件编写代码，也可以方便查看
运行结果
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