第二章
软件管理器——apt
软件源列表——/etc/apt/source.list
1.备份列表
$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
2.修改软件源
$ sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
外网较快的国内源:网易163
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
教育网(建议有条件的用IPV6)较快的更新源:东北大学
deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-security main multiverse restricted universe deb http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-updates main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-backports main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-security main multiverse restricted universe deb-src http://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirrors/ubuntu/ natty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
大连理工部分地址无法访问
注: 这是11.04版本(natty)专用 的更新源 更多参见Qref/Source - Ubuntu中文 ,http://ubuntu9.com/
3.更新软件源
$ sudo apt-get update
新立得软件管理器——apt的图形界面前端
Flash的字体配置文件——/etc/fonts/conf.d/49-sansserif.conf
文泉驿正黑——wqy-zenhei
即时通信客户端——Empathy
输入法框架——ibus,scim,fcitx
播放器
电影播放机Totem
Mplayer(运行于字符终端,其图形前端有gnome mplayer,smplayer ,kplayer等)
Rhythmbox(音频)
mid3iconv——认识各种编码,把mp3的编码改成utf-8
$ sudo apt-get install python-mutagen find . -iname "*.mp3" -execdir mid3iconv -e gbk {} \;
AMD(ATI)显卡驱动的安装
1.到AMD中文官网 搜索下载本型号显卡的Linux版本(x86或x86_64)驱动文件,如ati-driver-installer-11-8-x86.x86_64.run(提供一个当前最新的驱动下载链接www2.ati.com/drivers/linux/ati-driver-installer-11-9-x86.x86_64.run , AMD的官网做得实在太失败)
2.在系统设置->附加驱动中卸载原先的FGLRX驱动,并重启
3.Ctrl+Alt+F1进入字符界面,登录后关闭图形界面(注:据说11.10版的图形管理器已換成lightdm了)
$ sudo /etc/init.d/gdm stop
4.运行驱动文件
$ sudo sh /<路径>/ati-driver-installer-11-8-x86.x86_64.run
(学会用Tab键补齐文件名,方便且不会输错),按提示完成安装
5.重启图形界面
$ sudo /etc/init.d/gdm start
6.关机图标提示重启
每次升级内核后需要卸载以前的驱动
$ sudo sh /usr/share/ati/amd-uninstall.sh
然后重新安装
二进制文件放在了/usr/bin ,库文件放在了/usr/lib ,配置文件放在了/etc/ ,其他一些文档文件放在了/usr/share ,还有一些数据放在了/var
第三章
Gnome图形界面配置——gconf-editor
(有点像注册表)
标题栏按钮布局
/apps/metacity/general/button_layout键值修改为:“menu:minimize,maximize,close”就是windows风格的布局(我猜冒号是分割标题栏左右两侧)
3D桌面
显卡需要支持OpenGL
系统->首选项->外观,里面的“视觉效果”标签里,选择“正常”或者“扩展”就可以看到
特效软件——Compiz
$ sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager