SpringCloud Gateway实践

一、Gateway路由介绍

路由(Route) 是 Gateway 中最基本的组件之一，是表示一个具体路由信息的载体。

1.1 路由涉及概念

id：每个路由的唯一标识
uri：路由指向的目标地址，支持负载均衡的微服务名和常规的http地址两种形式
predicates：断言的作用是进行条件判断，只有断言都返回真，才会真正地执行路由
filters：可作为路由转发的前置和后置操作
order：用于多个Route之间的排序，数值越小排序越靠前，匹配优先级越高

1.2 路由执行流程

在这里插入图片描述

Gateway Client向Gateway Server发送请求
请求首先会被HttpWebHandlerAdapter进行提取组装成网关上下文
然后网关的上下文会传递到DispatcherHandler，它负责将请求分发给RoutePredicateHandlerMapping
RoutePredicateHandlerMapping负责路由查找，并根据路由断言判断路由是否可用
如果过断言成功，由FilteringWebHandler创建过滤器链并调用
请求会一次经过PreFilter–微服务–PostFilter的方法，最终返回响应

1.3 路由配置方法

application.yml
路由配置类

二、Gateway实践

2.1 采用编写 application.yml 文件的方式

2.1.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ume.qa</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloudGateway</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>3.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--  SpringCloud alibaba nacos    -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-context</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--fegin组件-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.2</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Feign Client for loadBalancing -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.2</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>spring-cloud-context</artifactId>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.2</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies-parent</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2.1.2 application.yml

server:
  port: 8888

spring:
  application:
    name: SpringCloudGateway

  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 172.24.xxx.xxx:8848 # Nacos 服务注册中心地址

    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          #开启gateway从nacos上获取服务列表
          enabled: true
          lower-case-service-id: true
      routes:                       # 路由数组[路由 就是指定当请求满足什么条件的时候转到哪个微服务]
        - id: product_route          # 当前路由的标识, 要求唯一
          uri: lb://TestEnvToolsCommonApi  # lb指的是从nacos中按照名称获取微服务,并遵循负载均衡策略
#          uri: http://172.xxx.86.xxx:8002  # lb指的是从nacos中按照名称获取微服务,并遵循负载均衡策略
          predicates:                # 断言(就是路由转发要满足的条件)
            - Path=/api/testenvtools/**       # 当请求路径满足Path指定的规则时,才进行路由转发
#          filters:                   # 过滤器,请求在传递过程中可以通过过滤器对其进行一定的修改
#            - StripPrefix=1           # 转发之前去掉1层路径
#        - id: order_route
#          uri: lb://SpringCloudGateway
#          predicates:
#            - Path=/api/trolleytool/**
##          filters:
##            - StripPrefix=1

logging:
  level:
    org:
      springframework:
        cloud:
          gateway: TRACE

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'

2.1.3 程序入口文件

package com.ume.qa.gateway;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringCloudGatewayApplication {
    
    
	public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
		SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudGatewayApplication.class, args);
	}
}

SpringCloud Gateway实践

一、Gateway路由介绍

1.1 路由涉及概念

1.2 路由执行流程

1.3 路由配置方法

二、Gateway实践

2.1 采用编写 application.yml 文件的方式

2.1.1 pom.xml

2.1.2 application.yml

2.1.3 程序入口文件

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