1.互斥锁
pthread_mutex_init(初始化锁)
pthread_mutex_lock(阻塞加锁)
pthread_mutex_trylock(非阻塞加锁)
pthread_mutex_unlock(解锁)
pthread_mutex_destroy(销毁锁)
2.条件变量
pthread_cond_init(初始化条件变量)
pthread_cond_wait(无条件等待)
pthread_cond_timewait(计时等待)
pthread_cond_signal(激活一个等待该条件的线程)
pthread_cond_broadcast(激活所有等待线程)
pthread_cond_destroy(销毁条件变量)
3.信号量
sem_init(初始化信号量)
sem_wait(等待信号量)
sem_post(释放信号量)
sem_destroy(销毁信号量)