Android中AlertDialog的使用

简述

        AlertDialog可以在当前的界面上显示一个对话框，这个对话框是置顶于所有界面元素之上的，能够屏蔽掉其他控件的交互能力，因此AlertDialog一般是用于提示一些非常重要的内容或者警告信息。
        对应手机上就是弹出框。通常和单击事件连用。
正常的创建步骤
AlertDialog不需要布局因此不需要再布局文件中定义。
一、构造AlertDialog.Builder对象

AlertDialog.Builder defaultBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);

二、调用setTitle、setMessage、setIcon等方法构造对话框的标题、信息和图标等内容

        //标题
        defaultBuilder.setTitle("默认样式");
        //提示信息
        defaultBuilder.setMessage("这是什么样式？");

三、调用setPositive/Negative/NeutralButton()方法设置选项

        //正面按钮 第一个参数提示信息 第二个参数实现监听接口
        defaultBuilder.setPositiveButton("默认样式",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"选对了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

四、显示

defaultBuilder.show();

通常有四种默认样式、单选弹出框、 多选弹出框、列表对话框、自定义弹出框
布局文件
四个按钮对应对应四个弹出类型

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#FFFFFFFF"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="标题"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:textColor="#000"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="自定义的AlertDialog"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:textColor="#000"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        />

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:background="#414E5E"
        />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_cancel"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="取消"
            android:backgroundTint="#F8F3F3"
            android:textColor="#0781B8"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <View
            android:layout_width="1dp"
            android:background="#E4E5E6"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_save"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:backgroundTint="#F8F3F3"
            android:text="保存"
            android:textColor="#0781B8"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

默认样式

 //构造AlertDialog.Builder对象
        AlertDialog.Builder defaultBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);

        //调用setTitle、setMessage、setIcon等方法构造对话框的标题、信息和图标等内容；
        //标题
        defaultBuilder.setTitle("默认样式");
        //提示信息
        defaultBuilder.setMessage("这是什么样式？");
        //调用setPositive/Negative/NeutralButton()方法设置选项 有正面按钮、负面按钮、中立按钮；

        //正面按钮 第一个参数提示信息 第二个参数实现监听接口
        defaultBuilder.setPositiveButton("默认样式",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"选对了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        //负面按钮
        defaultBuilder.setNegativeButton("多选样式", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"选错了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        //中立按钮
        defaultBuilder.setNeutralButton("我再想想", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"那你再想想",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });


        //显示
        defaultBuilder.show();

效果

单选弹出框

    //单选
    public void singleAlertDialog(){
    
    

        final String[] sex = {
    
    "男","女"};
        AlertDialog.Builder singleBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        singleBuilder.setTitle("请选择性别");
        //setSingleChoiceItems 单选
        //只能选中一个  第二个参数是默认选中哪一个
        singleBuilder.setSingleChoiceItems(sex,0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            //第二个参数代表选中那个下标的返回值
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,sex[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                dialog.dismiss();//关闭对话框
            }
        });

        singleBuilder.show();
    }

效果

多选弹出框

//多选
    public void multipleAlertDialog(){
    
    

        final String[] book = {
    
    "从删库到跑路","深入理解计算机系学生秃头的原因","程序员的构造和解释","算法导论论不懂","计算机网络联不通"};
        boolean[] begin = {
    
    false,false,false,false,false};//初始状态为全部不选中
        ArrayList<String> bookList = new ArrayList<String>();
        AlertDialog.Builder multipleAlertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        multipleAlertDialog.setTitle("想要读什么？");
        //setMultiChoiceItems 多选
        multipleAlertDialog.setMultiChoiceItems(book, begin, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
    
    

                if(isChecked){
    
    
                    bookList.add(book[which]);
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"任意选中就true",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }else {
    
    
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"任意取消就false",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    bookList.remove(book[which]);
                }

                //Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,book[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        multipleAlertDialog.setPositiveButton("选好了", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,bookList.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        multipleAlertDialog.setNeutralButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"不准备读一读吗？",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        multipleAlertDialog.show();

    }

列表对话框

    //列表
    public void tableAlertDialog(){
    
    

        AlertDialog.Builder tableBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        final String[] course = {
    
    "C++","Java","Go","php","Pyhton"};
        tableBuilder.setTitle("你喜欢那个语言？");
        tableBuilder.setItems(course, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,course[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        tableBuilder.show();


    }

效果

自定义弹出框

本质上就是弹出一个你自己定义的页面
布局alertdialog_custom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#FFFFFFFF"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <TextView

        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="标题"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:textColor="#000"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="自定义的AlertDialog"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:textColor="#000"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        />

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="1dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:background="#414E5E"
        />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_cancel"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="取消"
            android:backgroundTint="#F8F3F3"
            android:textColor="#0781B8"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <View
            android:layout_width="1dp"
            android:background="#E4E5E6"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_save"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:backgroundTint="#F8F3F3"
            android:text="保存"
            android:textColor="#0781B8"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

代码

  //自定义对话框
    public void customizeAlertDialog(){
    
    

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        //先创建AlertDialog对象
        AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();

        //初始化view
        View dialogView = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.alertdialog_custom,null);

        //设置弹出页面 为自定义布局
        dialog.setView(dialogView);
        dialog.show();


        //剩下的当成正常页面操作

        Button btnCancel,btnSave;
        btnCancel = dialogView.findViewById(R.id.btn_cancel);
        btnSave = dialogView.findViewById(R.id.btn_save);

        btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了取消",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                dialog.dismiss();//关闭对话框
            }
        });

        btnSave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了保存",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                dialog.dismiss();
            }
        });



    }

效果

注意：宽度是固定的 想要修改宽度需要代码设置

dialog.getWindow().setLayout(width,height);

完整代码

import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
    

    Button mBtnDefault,mBtnSingle,mBtnMultiple,mBtnTable,mBtnCustomize;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    
    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        //初始化控件
        mBtnDefault   = findViewById(R.id.btnDefault);
        mBtnSingle    = findViewById(R.id.btnSingle);
        mBtnMultiple  = findViewById(R.id.btnMultiple);
        mBtnTable     = findViewById(R.id.btnTable);
        mBtnCustomize = findViewById(R.id.btnCustomize);


        //对应单击事件 按钮比较多可以使用内部类实现监听接口来复用、规范代码
        //默认
        mBtnDefault.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                defaultAlertDialog();
            }
        });

        //单选
        mBtnSingle.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    

                singleAlertDialog();

            }
        });

        //多选
        mBtnMultiple.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                multipleAlertDialog();
            }
        });

        //列表
        mBtnTable.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                tableAlertDialog();
            }
        });

        //自定义对话框
        mBtnCustomize.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                customizeAlertDialog();
            }
        });


    }



    //默认
    public void defaultAlertDialog(){
    
    
        //构造AlertDialog.Builder对象
        AlertDialog.Builder defaultBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);

        //调用setTitle、setMessage、setIcon等方法构造对话框的标题、信息和图标等内容；
        //标题
        defaultBuilder.setTitle("默认样式");
        //提示信息
        defaultBuilder.setMessage("这是什么样式？");
        //调用setPositive/Negative/NeutralButton()方法设置选项 有正面按钮、负面按钮、中立按钮；

        //正面按钮 第一个参数提示信息 第二个参数实现监听接口
        defaultBuilder.setPositiveButton("默认样式",new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"选对了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        //负面按钮
        defaultBuilder.setNegativeButton("多选样式", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"选错了",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });

        //中立按钮
        defaultBuilder.setNeutralButton("我再想想", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"那你再想想",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });


        //显示
        defaultBuilder.show();
    }

    //单选
    public void singleAlertDialog(){
    
    

        final String[] sex = {
    
    "男","女"};
        AlertDialog.Builder singleBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        singleBuilder.setTitle("请选择性别");
        //setSingleChoiceItems 单选
        //只能选中一个  第二个参数是默认选中哪一个
        singleBuilder.setSingleChoiceItems(sex,0, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            //第二个参数代表选中那个下标的返回值
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,sex[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                dialog.dismiss();//关闭对话框
            }
        });

        singleBuilder.show();
    }

    //多选
    public void multipleAlertDialog(){
    
    

        final String[] book = {
    
    "从删库到跑路","深入理解计算机系学生秃头的原因","程序员的构造和解释","算法导论论不懂","计算机网络联不通"};
        boolean[] begin = {
    
    false,false,false,false,false};//初始状态为全部不选中
        ArrayList<String> bookList = new ArrayList<String>();
        AlertDialog.Builder multipleAlertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        multipleAlertDialog.setTitle("想要读什么？");
        //setMultiChoiceItems 多选
        multipleAlertDialog.setMultiChoiceItems(book, begin, new DialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which, boolean isChecked) {
    
    

                if(isChecked){
    
    
                    bookList.add(book[which]);
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"任意选中就true",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }else {
    
    
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"任意取消就false",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    bookList.remove(book[which]);
                }

                //Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,book[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        multipleAlertDialog.setPositiveButton("选好了", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,bookList.toString(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        multipleAlertDialog.setNeutralButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"不准备读一读吗？",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        multipleAlertDialog.show();

    }

    //列表
    public void tableAlertDialog(){
    
    

        AlertDialog.Builder tableBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        final String[] course = {
    
    "C++","Java","Go","php","Pyhton"};
        tableBuilder.setTitle("你喜欢那个语言？");
        tableBuilder.setItems(course, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,course[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        tableBuilder.show();


    }


    //自定义对话框
    public void customizeAlertDialog(){
    
    

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        //先创建AlertDialog对象
        AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();

        //初始化view
        View dialogView = LayoutInflater.from(MainActivity.this).inflate(R.layout.alertdialog_custom,null);

        //设置弹出页面 为自定义布局
        dialog.setView(dialogView);
        dialog.show();


        //剩下的当成正常页面操作

        Button btnCancel,btnSave;
        btnCancel = dialogView.findViewById(R.id.btn_cancel);
        btnSave = dialogView.findViewById(R.id.btn_save);

        btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了取消",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                dialog.dismiss();//关闭对话框
            }
        });

        btnSave.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    
    
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
    
    
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"你选择了保存",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                dialog.dismiss();
            }
        });



    }




}