Spring 使用注解开发


一、搭建环境

环境是:一人一狗

狗类:

package com.wzq.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class Dog {
    
    

    private String name;

    public void shout(){
    
    
        System.out.println("汪汪汪~");
    }

    public String getName() {
    
    
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }
}

人有一只狗,人的实体类:

package com.wzq.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

public class User {
    
    

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private Dog dog;

    public int getId() {
    
    
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
    
    
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
    
    
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
    
    
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
    
    
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
    
    
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

二、使用JavaConfig实现配置

Spring可以完全使用Java来代替xml

JavaConfig中有几个重要的注解,分别是:

  • @Configuration:指定这个类为配置类

  • @ComponentScan("包"):扫描指定包下的类全都注册到Ioc容器中

    等价于.xml中的:

    <!-- 指定扫描包,这个包下的注解就会生效 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wzq.pojo" />
    
  • @Import(某配置类.class):导入其他配置类

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    等价于.xml的:

    <import resource="xxxx.xml" />
    
  • @Bean:把具体的某个类注册为Bean

    等价于.xml的:

    <bean id="" class="" >
    
    </bean>
    

下面开始演示:

新建包,随后新建一个BeansConfig.class类,这个类是配置类,它的任务是把人和狗注册为Bean

package com.wzq.config;

import com.wzq.pojo.Dog;
import com.wzq.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

//指定这个类为配置类
@Configuration
//扫描包
@ComponentScan("com.wzq.pojo")
public class BeansConfig {
    
    

    //把某个类注册
    @Bean
    public User user(){
    
    
        return new User();
    }

    @Bean
    public Dog dog(){
    
    
        return new Dog();
    }
}

三、使用注解开发

注意:以下操作在被注册为bean的类中操作

注解 说明 等价于
@Component 注册某个类为bean
与上面提到的@Bean作用一致
<bean id="" class=""></bean>
@Value("值") 用于给基本数据类型注入值 <property name="" value=""/>
@Autowired 在上篇博客已经提及
@Scope("作用域名称") 指定这个类的作用域 <bean scope="singleton" />

web开发中,会按照MVC三层架构分层,为了更好的区分,Spring 多出了几个衍生注解,他们的作用与@Component一致:

注解
@Repository dao层
@Service service层
@Controller controller层

下面实现一下:

人类:

package com.wzq.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component(value = "user111")
@Scope("singleton")
public class User {
    
    

    @Value("1")
    private int id;
    @Value("wzq")
    private String name;
    @Autowired
    private Dog dog;

    public int getId() {
    
    
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
    
    
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
    
    
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Dog getDog() {
    
    
        return dog;
    }

    public void setDog(Dog dog) {
    
    
        this.dog = dog;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
    
    
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", dog=" + dog +
                '}';
    }
}

狗类:

package com.wzq.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Scope("singleton")
public class Dog {
    
    
    @Value("wzq's dog")
    private String name;

    public void shout(){
    
    
        System.out.println("汪汪汪~");
    }

    public String getName() {
    
    
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
    
    
        return "Dog{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

四、测试

import com.wzq.config.BeansConfig;
import com.wzq.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    
    
    @Test
    public void Test(){
    
    
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeansConfig.class);
        User user = context.getBean("user111", User.class);
        user.getDog().shout();
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/lesileqin/article/details/113539377