大数据之Hive:DDL数据定义(三)

1.分区表
Hive中的分区就是分目录
01.创建分区表语法

hive (default)> create table dept_partition(
deptno int, dname string, loc string
)
partitioned by (month string)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

02.加载数据到分区表中

hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/dept.txt' into table default.dept_partition partition(month='201709');
hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/dept.txt' into table default.dept_partition partition(month='201708');
hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/dept.txt' into table default.dept_partition partition(month='201707’);

03.增加分区

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition add partition(month='201706') ;

04.删除分区

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition drop partition (month='201704');

05.查看分区表有多少分区

hive> show partitions dept_partition;

06.查看分区表结构

hive> desc formatted dept_partition;

2.分区表注意事项
01.创建二级分区表

hive (default)> create table dept_partition2(
               deptno int, dname string, loc string
               )
               partitioned by (month string, day string)
               row format delimited fields terminated by '\t';

02.正常的加载数据
02-1.加载数据到二级分区表中

hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/dept.txt' into table
 default.dept_partition2 partition(month='201709', day='13');

02-2.查询分区数据

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month='201709' and day='13';

03.把数据直接上传到分区目录上,让分区表和数据产生关联的三种方式
(1)方式一:上传数据后修复
上传数据

hive (default)> dfs -mkdir -p
 /user/hive/warehouse/dept_partition2/month=201709/day=12;
hive (default)> dfs -put /opt/module/datas/dept.txt  /user/hive/warehouse/dept_partition2/month=201709/day=12;

查询数据(查询不到刚上传的数据)

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month='201709' and day='12';

执行修复命令

hive> msck repair table dept_partition2;

再次查询数据

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month='201709' and day='12';

(2)方式二:上传数据后添加分区
上传数据

hive (default)> dfs -mkdir -p
 /user/hive/warehouse/dept_partition2/month=201709/day=11;
hive (default)> dfs -put /opt/module/datas/dept.txt  /user/hive/warehouse/dept_partition2/month=201709/day=11;

执行添加分区

hive (default)> alter table dept_partition2 add partition(month='201709',
 day='11');

查询数据

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month='201709' and day='11';

(3)方式三:创建文件夹后load数据到分区
创建目录

hive (default)> dfs -mkdir -p
 /user/hive/warehouse/dept_partition2/month=201709/day=10;

上传数据

hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/module/datas/dept.txt' into table
 dept_partition2 partition(month='201709',day='10');

查询数据

hive (default)> select * from dept_partition2 where month='201709' and day='10';

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_43597208/article/details/112543611