链式队列:队列的链式存储结构，其实就是线性表的单链表，只是将其限制了只能头删除在尾插入，我们把它简称为链队列。为了操作上的方便，我们将队头指针指向链队列的头结点，而队尾指针指向终端节点
链式队列三个重要组成部分：
1.链式队列的长度
2.指向队首的指针
3.指向队尾的指针
1.结构类型:
定义节点类型,用于存储数据,再定义一个链式队列类型,用于控制整个队列
#define MAX 50
typedef struct _node {
int date;
struct _node* next;
}LinkNode;
typedef LinkNode* QueuePtr;
typedef struct LinkQ {
int length;
QueuePtr fornt;
QueuePtr rear;
}LinkQueue;
2.初始化:经队首和队尾指针指向空,防止系统崩溃,再将长度设为0
int init(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
LQ->length = 0;
LQ->fornt = LQ->rear = NULL;
return 1;
}
3.是否为空或满:
空:如果队首指针指向空,说明整个队列为空
满:如果长度大于最大长度,则整个队列已满
int Isempty(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
if (LQ->fornt == NULL) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int Isfull(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
if (LQ->length == MAX) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
4.添加数据（入队）:现将要添加的数据存入一个节点中,判断是否为空，经队首和队尾指针都指向该节点。如果不为空将这个节点添加到队尾,队尾指针在指向它,并且长度+1。
int Enter(LinkQueue* LQ,int e) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
LinkNode *tem = new LinkNode;//函数结束不会被释放,知道使用delete关键字
tem->date = e;
tem->next = NULL;
if (Isempty(LQ)) {
LQ->fornt = LQ->rear = tem;
}
else {
LQ->rear->next = tem;
LQ->rear = tem;
}
LQ->length++;
return 1;
}
5.删除一个数据（出队）：先判断队列是否为空，如果不为空，并且队首指针和队尾指针指向同一个位置，那么说明队列只剩下一个节点，那么将他都出来后，整个队列为空，所经将队首队尾指针设置为空。 如果有多个节点头指针向后指一位，长度-1；
int Delete(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
LinkNode* tem = new LinkNode;
if (Isfull(LQ)) {
cout << "队列为空" << endl;
return 0;
}
if (LQ->fornt == LQ->rear) {
tem = LQ->fornt;
LQ->rear = LQ->rear = NULL;
}
else {
tem = LQ->fornt;
LQ->fornt = LQ->fornt->next;
}
delete tem;
LQ->length--;
return 1;
}
6.打印：遍历链表
int print(LinkQueue *LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
if (Isempty(LQ)) {
cout << "列表为空" << endl;
return 0;
}
LinkNode* tem = new LinkNode;
tem = LQ->fornt;
while (tem) {
cout << tem->date << endl;
tem = tem->next;
}
return 1;
}
全部代码：
#include<iostream>
#include<Windows.h>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 50
typedef struct _node {
int date;
struct _node* next;
}LinkNode;
typedef LinkNode* QueuePtr;
typedef struct LinkQ {
int length;
QueuePtr fornt;
QueuePtr rear;
}LinkQueue;
int init(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
LQ->length = 0;
LQ->fornt = LQ->rear = NULL;
return 1;
}
int Isempty(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
if (LQ->fornt == NULL) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int Isfull(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
if (LQ->length == MAX) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int Enter(LinkQueue* LQ,int e) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
LinkNode *tem = new LinkNode;//函数结束不会被释放,知道使用delete关键字
tem->date = e;
tem->next = NULL;
if (Isempty(LQ)) {
LQ->fornt = LQ->rear = tem;
}
else {
LQ->rear->next = tem;
LQ->rear = tem;
}
LQ->length++;
return 1;
}
int Delete(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
LinkNode* tem = new LinkNode;
if (Isfull(LQ)) {
cout << "队列为空" << endl;
return 0;
}
if (LQ->fornt == LQ->rear) {
tem = LQ->fornt;
LQ->rear = LQ->rear = NULL;
}
else {
tem = LQ->fornt;
LQ->fornt = LQ->fornt->next;
}
delete tem;
LQ->length--;
return 1;
}
int print(LinkQueue *LQ) {
if (!LQ) return 0;
if (Isempty(LQ)) {
cout << "列表为空" << endl;
return 0;
}
LinkNode* tem = new LinkNode;
tem = LQ->fornt;
while (tem) {
cout << tem->date << endl;
tem = tem->next;
}
return 1;
}
int Getfornt(LinkQueue* LQ,int &e) {
if (!LQ||Isempty(LQ)) return 0;
e = LQ->fornt->date;
return 0;
}
int des(LinkQueue* LQ) {
if (!LQ || Isempty(LQ)) {
cout << "列表为空" << endl;
return 0;
}
while (LQ->fornt) {
LinkNode* tep = LQ->fornt;
LQ->fornt = LQ->fornt->next;
delete tep;
tep = LQ->fornt;
}
LQ->rear = NULL;
LQ->length = 0;
return 0;
}
int main() {
LinkQueue* LQ = new LinkQueue;
init(LQ);
for (int i = 0;i < 5;i++) {
Enter(LQ, i);
}
print(LQ);
cout << "出队后：" << endl;
Delete(LQ);
print(LQ);
cout << "销毁后：" << endl;
des(LQ);
print(LQ);
system("pause");
return 0;
}