容器-HashMap的底层源码分析(十六)

容器-HashMap的底层源码分析(十六)

  1. HashMap 底层是采用了哈希表,这是一个非常重要的数据结构,对于我们以后理解很多技术都非常有帮助。

  2. 数据结构中由数组和链表来实现对数据的存储,他们各有特点:

    • 数组:占用空间连续,寻址容易,查询速度快。但是,增加和删除效率非常低。
    • 链表:占用空间不连续,寻址困难,查询速度慢,但是增加和删除效率非常高。

    我们能不能结合数组和链表的优点呢?答:可以,采用哈希表,哈希表的本质就是“数组+链表”

在这里插入图片描述

  1. HashMapde的继承结构和主要的成员变量

    public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
        implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
          
          
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
         /**
         * The default initial capacity - MUST be a power of two.
         */
        static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
     		//数组的默认长度,1 << 4=1*2*2*2*2=2^4=16,哈希值运算的时候会用到。int类型
        /**
         * The maximum capacity, used if a higher value is implicitly specified
         * by either of the constructors with arguments.
         * MUST be a power of two <= 1<<30.
         */
        static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
    			//数组的最大容量是2的30次方,int类型
        /**
         * The load factor used when none specified in constructor.
         */
        static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
    		//数组扩容的负载因子,当数组用到75%,数组就会扩容,16*0.75=12,当容量达到12,存13的时候就要扩容了。
        /**
         * The bin count threshold for using a tree rather than list for a
         * bin.  Bins are converted to trees when adding an element to a
         * bin with at least this many nodes. The value must be greater
         * than 2 and should be at least 8 to mesh with assumptions in
         * tree removal about conversion back to plain bins upon
         * shrinkage.
         */
        static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
        	//链表达到8这个域值时,会转成功红黑树
    
        /**
         * The bin count threshold for untreeifying a (split) bin during a
         * resize operation. Should be less than TREEIFY_THRESHOLD, and at
         * most 6 to mesh with shrinkage detection under removal.
         */
        static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
    		//将红黑树转换成链表的一个域值
        /**
         * The smallest table capacity for which bins may be treeified.
         * (Otherwise the table is resized if too many nodes in a bin.)
         * Should be at least 4 * TREEIFY_THRESHOLD to avoid conflicts
         * between resizing and treeification thresholds.
         */
        static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
        //当数组长度达到64时,链表为8,才会转换成红黑树
         /**
         * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
         */
        transient int size;//在map中存取键值对的数量
    
        /**
         * The table, initialized on first use, and resized as
         * necessary. When allocated, length is always a power of two.
         * (We also tolerate length zero in some operations to allow
         * bootstrapping mechanics that are currently not needed.)
         */
        transient Node<K,V>[] table;//这个Node类型的数组才是我们存存储红黑树的数组
    
  2. HashMap存储的节点类型

    • Node类

      /**
           * Basic hash bin node, used for most entries.  (See below for
           * TreeNode subclass, and in LinkedHashMap for its Entry subclass.)
           */
      //在这个Node节点中实现了,我们获取元素的第三种方法,Set集合中的EntrySet的方法获取get(key)、get(Vlue),因为Node实现了Map.Entry<K,V> 接口,所以他当然可以实现Map.Entry类型,其实本质实现的方法还是在这个Node节点。
          static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
              
              
              final int hash;//存放元素K的hashcode的值
              final K key;//存放K-V结构K的值,是不允许修改的
              V value;//存放K-V结构V的值,是允许修改的
              Node<K,V> next;//记录下一个节点的成员变量,是单向的链表,当前节点只记录下一个节点的地址,不记录上一个节点的地址,存储元素只能从头指向尾的方向
      
              Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
              
              
                  this.hash = hash;
                  this.key = key;
                  this.value = value;
                  this.next = next;
              }
      
    • TreeNode内部类

       /**
           * Entry for Tree bins. Extends LinkedHashMap.Entry (which in turn
           * extends Node) so can be used as extension of either regular or
           * linked node.
           */
      //定义了在红黑树存储节点的定义
          static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
              
              
              TreeNode<K,V> parent;  // red-black tree links//存放当前节点的父节点
              TreeNode<K,V> left;//存放当前节点的左节点
              TreeNode<K,V> right;//存放当前节点的右节点
              TreeNode<K,V> prev;    // needed to unlink next upon deletion//当前节点的前一个节点
              boolean red;//用一个boolean值表示红树还是黑树
              TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
              
              //通过这个构造方法对这些值做对应的赋值处理
                  super(hash, key, val, next);
              }
      
      
    • TreeNode<K,V>继承了 LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>这个超类,我们来看下

       /**
           * HashMap.Node subclass for normal LinkedHashMap entries.
           */
      // Entry<K,V>又继承了HashMap.Node<K,V>,这个就是我们刚刚的分析的那个Node
          static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Node<K,V> {
              
              
              Entry<K,V> before, after;
              Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
              
              
                  super(hash, key, value, next);
              }
          }
      
    • Node类,说明了TreeNode继承了Node

      /**
           * Basic hash bin node, used for most entries.  (See below for
           * TreeNode subclass, and in LinkedHashMap for its Entry subclass.)
           */
      //在这个Node节点中实现了,我们获取元素的第三种方法,Set集合中的EntrySet的方法获取get(key)、get(Vlue),因为Node实现了Map.Entry<K,V> 接口,所以他当然可以实现Map.Entry类型,其实本质实现的方法还是在这个Node节点。
          static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
              
              
              final int hash;//存放元素K的hashcode的值
              final K key;//存放K-V结构K的值,是不允许修改的
              V value;//存放K-V结构V的值,是允许修改的
              Node<K,V> next;//记录下一个节点的成员变量,是单向的链表,当前节点只记录下一个节点的地址,不记录上一个节点的地址,存储元素只能从头指向尾的方向
      
              Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
              
              
                  this.hash = hash;
                  this.key = key;
                  this.value = value;
                  this.next = next;
              }
      
    • 我们有回看到一个Node的成员变量,我们发现单向链表是Node,红黑数组是TreeNode的,两个是不一样的类型,但是我们的数组本身是Node类型的数组,TreeNode的怎么办,放不进去吗,不是的,因为现在TreeNode继承了Node,所以也是放得进去的。

      transient Node<K,V>[] table;//这个Node类型的数组才是我们存存储红黑树的数组
      
    • TreeNode的继承关系图

在这里插入图片描述

  1. 实现数组的初始化,在JDK1.8之后对于数组的初始化采用的是延迟的初始化方式,通过resize方法实现初始化处理,resize方法实现数组的初始化,也实现数组的扩容处理。

    • 从HashMap的map.put()方法进入源代码,再用Ctrl+Alt选择HashMap接口的实现类,进入源代码

       public V put(K key, V value) {
              
              
              return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
          }
      
    • 我们直接看putVal方法,我们只看我们需要的(我注释的)。

      /**
           * Implements Map.put and related methods
           *
           * @param hash hash for key
           * @param key the key
           * @param value the value to put
           * @param onlyIfAbsent if true, don't change existing value
           * @param evict if false, the table is in creation mode.
           * @return previous value, or null if none
           */
          final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
                         boolean evict) {
              
              
              Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;//定义了几个局部变量,Node<K,V>[]=tab,Node<K,V>= p,int n, i
              if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
                  //把table赋给了tab,table就是我们定义的Node类型的数组,现在table是空的,所以tab也是空的
                  n = (tab = resize()).length;
              //我们看到它调用了resize()方法,这个方法是有返回值的,而tab是一个Node类型的数组,所以resize()方法返回的肯定是一个Node类型的数组
              if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
                  tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
              else {
              
              
                  Node<K,V> e; K k;
                  if (p.hash == hash &&
                      ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                      e = p;
                  else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
                      e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
                  else {
              
              
                      for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
              
              
                          if ((e = p.next) == null) {
              
              
                              p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                              if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                                  treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                              break;
                          }
                          if (e.hash == hash &&
                              ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                              break;
                          p = e;
                      }
                  }
                  if (e != null) {
              
               // existing mapping for key
                      V oldValue = e.value;
                      if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                          e.value = value;
                      afterNodeAccess(e);
                      return oldValue;
                  }
              }
              ++modCount;
              if (++size > threshold)
                  resize();
              afterNodeInsertion(evict);
              return null;
          }
      
    • 接下来我们进入resize()方法也是很复杂,我们只看我们需要的(我注释的)。就是完成数组初始化和数组扩容的。

       /**
           * Initializes or doubles table size.  If null, allocates in
           * accord with initial capacity target held in field threshold.
           * Otherwise, because we are using power-of-two expansion, the
           * elements from each bin must either stay at same index, or move
           * with a power of two offset in the new table.
           *
           * @return the table
           */
          final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
              
              
              Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;//table现在是null,他赋值给了oldTab,所以oldTab也是null
              int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
              //通过三目运算符,现在oldTab=null,所以返回的是0,所以oldCap=0,所以下面的oldCap大于0,小于0都不用看了,看最后的else就行了
              int oldThr = threshold;
              int newCap, newThr = 0;
              if (oldCap > 0) {
              
              
                  if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
              
              
                      threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                      return oldTab;
                  }
                  else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                           oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
                      newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
              }
              else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
                  newCap = oldThr;
              
              
              //看这个else
              else {
              
                             // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
                  newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
                  //DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY是数组初始化的长度,是16,所以newCap=16
                  newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
                  //DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR是数组的扩容因子*DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY是数组的默认长度,也就是0.75*16=12,也就是newThr=12
                  
              }
              if (newThr == 0) {
              
              
                  float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
                  newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                            (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
              }
              
              threshold = newThr;//这个newThr=12,所以 threshold=12
              
              @SuppressWarnings({
              
              "rawtypes","unchecked"})
              
                  Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
              //新建了一个newCap=16,长度为16的Node类型的数组,赋值给newTab=16,也就是新建了一个newTab长度为16的Ndoe类型的数组。
              table = newTab;//然后newTab又赋值了给table
             //现在整个数组对象有两个对象指向它,一个是  table,一个是newTab
            
              if (oldTab != null) {
              
              
                  for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
              
              
                      Node<K,V> e;
                      if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
              
              
                          oldTab[j] = null;
                          if (e.next == null)
                              newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
                          else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                              ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                          else {
              
               // preserve order
                              Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                              Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                              Node<K,V> next;
                              do {
              
              
                                  next = e.next;
                                  if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
              
              
                                      if (loTail == null)
                                          loHead = e;
                                      else
                                          loTail.next = e;
                                      loTail = e;
                                  }
                                  else {
              
              
                                      if (hiTail == null)
                                          hiHead = e;
                                      else
                                          hiTail.next = e;
                                      hiTail = e;
                                  }
                              } while ((e = next) != null);
                              if (loTail != null) {
              
              
                                  loTail.next = null;
                                  newTab[j] = loHead;
                              }
                              if (hiTail != null) {
              
              
                                  hiTail.next = null;
                                  newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                              }
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
              return newTab;//最后它返回了newTab,就相当于完成了数组的初始化
          }
      
    • 最后也就是return newTab=16,就是resize()方法返回的是一个长度为16的数组,然后赋值给了tab,而tab刚开始是一个null的数组,现在初始化完之后变成了一个长度为16的Node类型的数组

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转载自blog.csdn.net/Xun_independent/article/details/114766251