什么是HTTP Basic Authentication？直接看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_authentication_scheme吧。
在你访问一个需要HTTP Basic Authentication的URL的时候，如果你没有提供用户名和密码，服务器就会返回401，如果你直接在浏览器中打开，浏览器会提示你输入用户名和密码(google浏览器不会，bug？)。你可以尝试点击这个url看看效果：http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml
要在发送请求的时候添加HTTP Basic Authentication认证信息到请求中，有两种方法：
一是在请求头中添加Authorization：
Authorization: "Basic 用户名和密码的base64加密字符串"
二是在url中添加用户名和密码：
http://userName:[email protected]/statuses/friends_timeline.xml
//需要Base64见：http://www.webtoolkit.info/javascript-base64.html
function make_base_auth(user, password) {
var tok = user + ':' + pass;
var hash = Base64.encode(tok);
return "Basic " + hash;
}
var auth = make_basic_auth('QLeelulu','mypassword');
var url = 'http://example.com';
// 原始JavaScript
xml = new XMLHttpRequest();
xml.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
xml.open('GET',url)
// ExtJS
Ext.Ajax.request({
url : url,
method : 'GET',
headers : { Authorization : auth }
});
// jQuery
$.ajax({
url : url,
method : 'GET',
beforeSend : function(req) {
req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);
}
});
下面摘录一段 Jsp实现鉴权的代码逻辑
以下是一段Jsp鉴权操作
1、server发送一个要求认证代码401和一个头信息WWW-authenticate，激发browser弹出一个认证窗口
2、server取得browser送来的认证头"Authorization",它是加密的了，要用Base64方法解密，取得明文的用户名和密码
3、检查用户名和密码，根据结果传送不同的页面
=========Jsp代码===================
<jsp:useBean id="base64" scope="page" class="Base64"/>
<%
if(request.getHeader("Authorization")==null){
response.setStatus(401);
response.setHeader("WWW-authenticate", "Basic realm="unixboy.com"");
}else{
String encoded=(request.getHeader("Authorization"));
String tmp=encoded.substring(6);
String up=Base64.decode(tmp);
String user="";
String password="";
if(up!=null){
user=up.substring(0,up.indexOf(":"));
password=up.substring(up.indexOf(":")+1);
}
if(user.equals("unixboy")&&password.equals("123456")){
//认证成功
}else{
//认证失败
}
}
%>
=======Java段代码==================
//消息加解密class
public class Base64
{
/** decode a Base 64 encoded String.
* <p><h4>String to byte conversion</h4>
* This method uses a naive String to byte interpretation, it simply gets each
* char of the String and calls it a byte.</p>
* <p>Since we should be dealing with Base64 encoded Strings that is a reasonable
* assumption.</p>
* <p><h4>End of data</h4>
* We don′t try to stop the converion when we find the "=" end of data padding char.
* We simply add zero bytes to the unencode buffer.</p>
*/
public static String decode(String encoded)
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
int maxturns;
//work out how long to loop for.
if(encoded.length()%3==0)
maxturns=encoded.length();
else
maxturns=encoded.length()+(3-(encoded.length()%3));
//tells us whether to include the char in the unencode
boolean skip;
//the unencode buffer
byte[] unenc=new byte[4];
byte b;
for(int i=0,j=0; i<maxturns; i++)
{
skip=false;
//get the byte to convert or 0
if(i<encoded.length())
b=(byte)encoded.charAt(i);
else
b=0;
//test and convert first capital letters, lowercase, digits then ′+′ and ′/′
if(b>=65 && b<91)
unenc[j]=(byte)(b-65);
else if(b>=97 && b<123)
unenc[j]=(byte)(b-71);
else if(b>=48 && b<58)
unenc[j]=(byte)(b+4);
else if(b==′+′)
unenc[j]=62;
else if(b==′/′)
unenc[j]=63;
//if we find "=" then data has finished, we′re not really dealing with this now
else if(b==′=′)
unenc[j]=0;
else
{
char c=(char)b;
if(c==′ ′ || c==′ ′ || c==′ ′ || c==′ ′)
skip=true;
else
//could throw an exception here? it′s input we don′t understand.
;
}
//once the array has boiled convert the bytes back into chars
if(!skip && ++j==4)
{
//shift the 6 bit bytes into a single 4 octet word
int res=(unenc[0] << 18)+(unenc[1] << 12)+(unenc[2] << 6)+unenc[3];
byte c;
int k=16;
//shift each octet down to read it as char and add to StringBuffer
while(k>=0)
{
c=(byte)(res >> k);
if ( c > 0 )
sb.append((char)c);
k-=8;
}
//reset j and the unencode buffer
j=0;
unenc[0]=0;unenc[1]=0;unenc[2]=0;unenc[3]=0;
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
/** encode plaintext data to a base 64 string
* @param plain the text to convert. If plain is longer than 76 characters this method
* returns null (see RFC2045).
* @return the encoded text (or null if string was longer than 76 chars).
*/
public static String encode(String plain)
{
if(plain.length()>76)
return null;
int maxturns;
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
//the encode buffer
byte[] enc=new byte[3];
boolean end=false;
for(int i=0,j=0; !end; i++)
{
char _ch=plain.charAt(i);
if(i==plain.length()-1)
end=true;
enc[j++]=(byte)plain.charAt(i);
if(j==3 || end)
{
int res;
//this is a bit inefficient at the end point
//worth it for the small decrease in code size?
res=(enc[0] << 16)+(enc[1] << 8)+enc[2];
int b;
int lowestbit=18-(j*6);
for(int toshift=18; toshift>=lowestbit; toshift-=6)
{
b=res >>> toshift;
b&=63;
if(b>=0 && b<26)
sb.append((char)(b+65));
if(b>=26 && b<52)
sb.append((char)(b+71));
if(b>=52 && b<62)
sb.append((char)(b-4));
if(b==62)
sb.append(′+′);
if(b==63)
sb.append(′/′);
if(sb.length()%76==0)
sb.append(′ ′);
}
//now set the end chars to be pad character if there
//was less than integral input (ie: less than 24 bits)
if(end)
{
if(j==1)
sb.append("==");
if(j==2)
sb.append(′=′);
}
enc[0]=0; enc[1]=0; enc[2]=0;
j=0;
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
}