文章目录
Linux—Nginx部署环境
省事的话可以直接安装个宝塔面板，然后再宝塔种勾选安装mysql,nginx,python项目管理器即可。
mysql
mariadb是MySQL的分支
下载
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-5.6.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
tar -xf MySQL-5.6.44-2.sles12.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
安装
yum install -y *.rpm
报错：
解决：setenforce 0
Nginx Web服务
安装
下载： wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/nginx/nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz
解压： tar -xf nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz
**安装：**切换到你解压的目录里执行
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make
make install
启动： 切换到安装目录下/usr/local/nginx执行
./sbin/nginx
命令格式
[root@localhost sbin]#nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit 显示版本号
-V : show version and configure options then exit 显示版本+编译时选项
-t : test configuration and exit 测试配置文件
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /www/server/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
目录结构
conf html logs sbin
配置文件
nginx.conf
user www www; # 使用哪个用户来启动子进程
worker_processes auto; # 工作进程的个数，配置成cpu核心个数减一或减二
error_log /www/wwwlogs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /www/server/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll; # select poll epoll
worker_connections 51200; # 每一个子进程可以处理的连接数
multi_accept on;
}
http
{
include mime.types; # 导入
#include luawaf.conf;
include proxy.conf;
default_type application/octet-stream; # 默认的请求方式
server_names_hash_bucket_size 512;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 50m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60; # 保持长连接的超时时间
tcp_nodelay on;
server
{
listen 888; # 监听端口
server_name phpmyadmin;
index index.html index.htm index.php; # 默认页面
root /www/server/phpmyadmin;
#error_page 404 /404.html;
include enable-php.conf;
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 12h;
}
location ~ /\.
{
deny all;
}
access_log /www/wwwlogs/access.log;
}
include /www/server/panel/vhost/nginx/*.conf;
}
404页面
error_page 404 /404.html;
root和alias区别
location /img{
root /data/img;
}
root /data/img/img
location /img{
alias /data/img;
}
root /data/img
修改域名，只能本地使用
要想外网访问，必须去注册域名
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
在这里边追加
10.14.155.78 hahaha.com
多域名访问
写多个
server{}
默认server
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name mengyao.com libo-sober.top www.libo-sober.top;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /www/wwwroot/libo-sober.top;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
nginx日志
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
remote_addr 访问的IP地址
remote_user 访问的用户
time_local 本地时间
request 请求方式、地址、协议
status 状态码
body_bytes_sent 发送的大小
http_user_agent user-agent
http_x_forwarded_for
禁止访问
# 黑名单 白名单
location / {
deny 192.168.1.1; # 禁止访问
allow 192.168.1.2; # 允许访问
root /www/wwwroot/libo-sober.top;
index index.html index.htm;
}
反向代理
-
起到保护网站安全的作用
-
可以缓存经他文件
-
实现负载均衡 F5 A10 lvs haproxy nginx
upstream xxx{ ip_hash; #ip_hash 每个请求的ip做hash，这样每个固定的方可都会被负载到后端固定的机器 server http://192.168.1.1 weight=3; # 权重，得到的结果是访问这个3次，菜访问下面其他的一次 server http://192.168.1.121 backup; # 当前边的server的都访问不到，则请求backup的备份，只要有一个通，就不会走backup } server{ listen 80; server_name localhost; location /{ proxy_pass xxx; } }
location
location = / {
# 精确匹配/，后边不能带其他的东西
# matches the query / only.
[ configuration A ]
}
location / {
# 所有的以/开头的地址
# matches any query, since all queries begin with /, but regular
# expressions and any longer conventional blocks will be
# matched first.
[ configuration B ]
}
location ^~ /images/ {
# 匹配以/images/开头
# ~严格区分大小写
# matches any query beginning with /images/ and halts searching,
# so regular expressions will not be checked.
[ configuration C ]
}
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
# 以.(gif|jpg|jpeg)结尾的文件
# ~*不区分大小写
# matches any request ending in gif, jpg, or jpeg. However, all
# requests to the /images/ directory will be handled by
# Configuration C.
[ configuration D ]
}
优先级
= 完整路径 ^~|~* /
location分离
server{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location /{
proxy_pass http://192.168.1.1;
}
location ~*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg)${
root /data/img;
}
}
访问顺序
status
location /status{
stub_status on;
}
压缩
gzip on
为了提高响应速度，节省带宽
nginx+uwsgi部署环境
wsgi
django自带的wsgiref在调试模式下使用的wsgi的文件，网关接口
uwsgi:协议
uWSGI:具体实现方式
环境
yum install -y python3 python3-pip python3-devel
pip3 install uwsgi
pip3 install django==1.11.9
准本django程序
[root@localhost ~]#mkdir mydata
[root@localhost ~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfg initial-setup-ks.cfg install.sh mydata
[root@localhost ~]#cd mydata/
[root@localhost mydata]#django-admin startproject mysite
[root@localhost mydata]#ls
mysite
[root@localhost mydata]#cd mysite
[root@localhost mysite]#ls
manage.py mysite
# 关闭安全保护和防火墙
[root@localhost mysite]#setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost mysite]#systemctl stop firewalld
# 启动django
[root@localhost mysite]#python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080
# 浏览器访问
http://10.14.155.78:8080/
启动uwsgi
cd django目录
uwsgi --http:8080 --module mysite.wsgi # 随系统启动
# 加载WSGI文件
[root@localhost mysite]#uwsgi --http :8080 --module mysite.wsgi
uwsgu配置文件
[root@localhost mysite]#vim /etc/uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
http = :8080
chdir = /root/mydata/mysite
# uwsgi的文件
wsgi-file = mysite/wsgi.py
# 虚拟环境
# virtualenv = /root/env
# 进程个数
processes = 4
# 线程个数
threads = 2
# 关闭的情况下后台运行,制定输出的日志位置
daemonize = /root/mydata/mysite/django.log
# 清除临时文件
vacuum = true
# python文件发生改变自动重启
py-autoreload = 1
# 启动
uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi.ini
Nginx配置
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /www/server/nginx/html;
index index.html;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name libo-sober.top www.libo-sober.top;
location / {
# 跳转到8080
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
# 静态文件，迁移后的文件名static
location /static {
root /root/crm/modelform;
}
}
}
静态文件要加上，要执行：
# 先在配置文件中加入：
[root@localhost modelform]#vim ./modelform/settings.py
# 末尾追加,迁移后的文件名static
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
# 迁移静态文件
[root@localhost modelform]#python3 manage.py collectstatic
另一种方式
uwsgi.ini
# http = :8080
socket = :9090
nginx
server {
listen 80;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090;
....
}
}
另一种方式
uwsgi.ini
# http = :8080
socket = /mydata/modelform/xxx.sock
nginx
server {
listen 80;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass unix://mydata/modelform/xxx.sock;
....
}
}
使用问题：
- 要使用uwsgi_pass
- 如果本地：使用文件
- 否则：端口