需要先在工程的src目录下建立如下几个文件：
config.properties代码：
ip = 127.0.0.1
port = 8081
id = 111
application.name = Killer App
application.version = 1.6.2
application.title = ${application.name} ${application.version}
keys = cn,com,org,uk,edu,jp,hk
enname =
include = configiiff.properties
configiiff.properties代码：
keysh = cn/com/org/uk/edu/jp/hk myname =shihuan
xmltest.xml代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<gui-definition>
<colors>
<background>#808080</background>
<text>#000000</text>
<header>#008000</header>
<link normal="#000080" visited="#800080"/>
<default>${colors.header}</default>
</colors>
<rowsPerPage>15</rowsPerPage>
<buttons>
<name>OK,Cancel,Help</name>
<name>Yes,No,Cancel</name>
</buttons>
<numberFormat pattern="###\,###.##"/>
</gui-definition>
database.xml代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<database>
<tables>
<table tableType="system">
<name>users</name>
<fields>
<field>
<name>uid</name>
<type>long</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>uname</name>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>firstName</name>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>lastName</name>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>email</name>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</field>
</fields>
</table>
<table tableType="application">
<name>documents</name>
<fields>
<field>
<name>docid</name>
<type>long</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>name</name>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>creationDate</name>
<type>java.util.Date</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>authorID</name>
<type>long</type>
</field>
<field>
<name>version</name>
<type>int</type>
</field>
</fields>
</table>
</tables>
</database>
config.ini代码：
; last modified 28 April 2011 by ShiHuan [owner] name=ShiHuan organization=Acme Products [database] server=192.168.2.67 ; use IP address in case network name resolution is not working port=1521
【注】：这里要简单介绍一下ini文件的格式，; 开头的是注释内容，每个[]是一个section，每个section下面有多个键值对。
TestConfiguration.java代码如下：
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.AbstractConfiguration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.AbstractFileConfiguration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.CompositeConfiguration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.INIConfiguration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.XMLConfiguration;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class TestConfiguration {
static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TestConfiguration.class);
public static void readProperties(){
//注意路径默认指向的是classpath的根目录
Configuration config = null;
try {
config = new PropertiesConfiguration("config.properties");
String ip = config.getString("ip");
System.out.println(ip);
int port = config.getInt("port");
System.out.println(port);
String title = config.getString("application.title");
System.out.println(title);
//再举个Configuration的比较实用的方法吧,在读取配置文件的时候有可能这个键值对应的值为空，那么在下面这个方法中
//你就可以为它设置默认值。比如下面这个例子就会在test.properties这个文件中找id的值，如果找不到就会给id设置值为123
//这样就保证了java的包装类不会返回空值。虽然功能很简单，但是很方便很实用。
Integer id = config.getInteger("id", new Integer(123));
System.out.println(id);
// config.setProperty("enname", "Hello");
// ((AbstractFileConfiguration) config).save();
((AbstractFileConfiguration) config).isAutoSave();
config.setProperty("enname", "Hello");
String emmname = config.getString("enname");
System.out.println(emmname);
//如果在properties 文件中有如下属性keys=cn,com,org,uk,edu,jp,hk
//可以实用下面的方式读取：
String[] keys1 = config.getStringArray("keys");
for(int i=0; i<keys1.length; i++){
System.out.println(keys1[i]);
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
List keys2 = config.getList("keys");
for (Iterator iterator = keys2.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
String strKeys = (String) iterator.next();
System.out.println(strKeys);
}
String myname = config.getString("myname");
System.out.println(myname);
} catch (ConfigurationException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
public static void readPropertieshh(){
try {
AbstractConfiguration.setDefaultListDelimiter('/'); //设置指定分隔符
Configuration config = new PropertiesConfiguration("configiiff.properties");
String[] keys1 = config.getStringArray("keysh");
for(int i=0; i<keys1.length; i++){
System.out.println(keys1[i]);
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
List keys2 = config.getList("keysh");
for (Iterator iterator = keys2.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
String strKeys = (String) iterator.next();
System.out.println(strKeys);
}
} catch (ConfigurationException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
public static void readXml(){
try {
XMLConfiguration config = new XMLConfiguration("xmltest.xml");
/**
*<colors>
* <background>#808080</background>
* <text>#000000</text>
* <header>#008000</header>
* <link normal="#000080" visited="#800080"/>
* <default>${colors.header}</default>
*</colors>
*这是从上面的xml中摘抄的一段，我们现在来解析它，
*colors是根标签下的直接子标签，所以是顶级名字空间
*/
String backColor = config.getString("colors.background");
System.out.println(backColor);
String textColor = config.getString("colors.text");
System.out.println(textColor);
//现在我们知道了如何读取标签下的数据，那么如何读标签中的属性呢？看下面
//<link normal="#000080" visited="#800080"/>
String linkNormal = config.getString("colors.link[@normal]");
System.out.println(linkNormal);
//还支持引用呢！
//<default>${colors.header}</default>
String defColor = config.getString("colors.default");
System.out.println(defColor);
//也支持其他类型，但是一定要确定类型正确，否则要报异常哦
//<rowsPerPage>15</rowsPerPage>
int rowsPerPage = config.getInt("rowsPerPage");
System.out.println(rowsPerPage);
//加属性
config.addProperty("shihuan", "shihuan");
config.addProperty("updatehala", "updatehala");
System.out.println(config.getString("shihuan"));
System.out.println(config.getString("updatehala"));
//获得同名结点的集合
List buttons = config.getList("buttons.name");
for(Object button : buttons){
System.out.println(button.toString());
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
//取消分隔符
XMLConfiguration configList = new XMLConfiguration();
configList.setDelimiterParsingDisabled(true);
configList.setFileName("xmltest.xml");
configList.load();
List buttonsList = configList.getList("buttons.name");
for(Object buttonList : buttonsList){
System.out.println(buttonList.toString());
}
//更复杂的xml文件
XMLConfiguration configXml = new XMLConfiguration();
configXml.setDelimiterParsingDisabled(true);
configXml.setFileName("database.xml");
configXml.load();
Object prop = configXml.getProperty("tables.table.name");
if(prop instanceof Collection) {
System.out.println("Number of tables: " + ((Collection) prop).size());
}
//return users
System.out.println(configXml.getProperty("tables.table(0).name"));
//return system
System.out.println(configXml.getProperty("tables.table(0)[@tableType]"));
//return documents
System.out.println(configXml.getProperty("tables.table(1).name"));
//return null,因为只有两个table所以这个值为null
System.out.println(configXml.getProperty("tables.table(2).name"));
//return [docid, name, creationDate, authorID, version]
//如果所要找的节点不存在唯一值，则返回Collection类型
System.out.println(configXml.getProperty("tables.table(1).fields.field.name"));
//[long, long]
//与上面的相同，返回值不唯一
System.out.println(configXml.getProperty("tables.table.fields.field(0).type"));
//return creationDate
System.out.println(configXml.getProperty("tables.table(1).fields.field(2).name"));
} catch (ConfigurationException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
public static void readIni(){
try {
INIConfiguration config = new INIConfiguration("config.ini");
String basestr = config.getBasePath();
System.out.println(basestr);
String filestr = config.getFileName();
System.out.println(filestr);
String pathstr = config.getPath();
System.out.println(pathstr);
Set zykhstr = config.getSections();
for(Object setVal : zykhstr){
System.out.println(setVal.toString());
}
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
for(Iterator iter = config.getKeys(); iter.hasNext();){
System.out.println(iter.next().toString());
System.out.println(config.getString(iter.next().toString()));
}
} catch (ConfigurationException e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TestConfiguration.readProperties();
// TestConfiguration.readPropertieshh();
// TestConfiguration.readXml();
TestConfiguration.readIni();
}
}
//笔者在实际工作中封装好的类如下:
import org.apache.commons.configuration.CompositeConfiguration;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException;
import org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
* User: yushibo
* Date: 12-9-4
* Time: 上午10:06
* To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
*/
public class PropertiesUtil {
/**
* 获取某个properties文件中的某个key对应的value值
* @param fileName
* @param key
* @return 返回key说对应的value值
* */
public static String getPropertiesValue(String fileName, String key){
CompositeConfiguration config = new CompositeConfiguration();
PropertiesConfiguration pc = null;
try {
pc = new PropertiesConfiguration(fileName);
config.addConfiguration(pc);
String filevalue = config.getString(key).trim();
return filevalue;
} catch (ConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 获取某个properties文件中的某个key对应的value值(值是个数组)
* @param fileName
* @param key
* @param delimiter
* @return 返回key说对应的value数组值(使用时遍历数组值后要加.trim())
* */
public static String[] getPropertiesValues(String fileName, String key, char delimiter){
CompositeConfiguration config = new CompositeConfiguration();
PropertiesConfiguration pc = null;
try {
if(!Character.isWhitespace(delimiter)){
AbstractConfiguration.setDefaultListDelimiter(delimiter);
}
pc = new PropertiesConfiguration(fileName);
config.addConfiguration(pc);
String[] filevalues = config.getStringArray(key);
return filevalues;
} catch (ConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}