第十章日常运维

w查看系统负载

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# w

22:49:45 up 2 min, 3 users, load average: 0.02, 0.04, 0.02

USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT

root tty1 22:47 2:01 0.00s 0.00s -bash

root pts/0 101.92.172.88 22:48 1:13 0.00s 0.00s -bash

root pts/1 101.92.172.88 22:49 1.00s 0.00s 0.00s w

说明如下：

22:49:45 up 系统时间（当前时间）

2 min 系统启动的时长

3 users 登录的用户数

load average 单位时间内使用CPU活动进程的个数；

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0.02, 0.04, 0.02 一分钟，五分钟，十五分钟（段内）；

root tty1 22:47 2:01 0.00s 0.00s -bash 【主机直接登录】

root pts/0 101.92.172.88 22:48 1:13 0.00s 0.00s -bash 【远程登录】

root pts/1 101.92.172.88 22:49 1.00s 0.00s 0.00s w 【远程登录】

vmstat命令

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# vmstat 1 5 【每秒显示一次，展现五次退出】

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st

3 0 0 805072 11032 132760 0 0 117 9 172 302 1 0 99 0 0

0 0 0 805088 11032 132760 0 0 0 0 190 235 1 0 99 0 0

0 0 0 805088 11032 132760 0 0 0 0 154 190 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 805088 11032 132760 0 0 0 0 176 213 0 0 100 0 0

0 0 0 805088 11032 132760 0 0 0 0 171 210 0 0 100 0 0

r : 表示多少个进程处理RUNING的状态；

top命令

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# top

top - 23:09:46 up 22 min, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.02

Tasks: 65 total, 2 running, 63 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

%Cpu(s): 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st

KiB Mem : 1016164 total, 804048 free, 67592 used, 144524 buff/cache

KiB Swap: 0 total, 0 free, 0 used. 803320 avail Mem

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND

1199 root 20 0 148276 5796 4488 S 0.3 0.6 0:00.03 sshd

1 root 20 0 43272 3644 2488 S 0.0 0.4 0:00.61 systemd

2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd

3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0

5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H

6 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/u2:0

7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0

sar 命令

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# sar

Linux 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64 (localhost.localdomain) 2018年03月20日 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)

20时41分46秒 LINUX RESTART

20时49分23秒 LINUX RESTART

20时50分01秒 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle

21时00分01秒 all 0.12 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 99.79

21时10分01秒 all 0.13 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 99.78

21时20分01秒 all 0.11 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 99.80

21时30分01秒 all 0.11 0.23 0.38 0.25 0.00 99.04

21时40分01秒 all 0.11 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 99.82

21时50分01秒 all 0.11 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 99.82

22时00分01秒 all 0.12 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 99.79

22时10分01秒 all 0.45 0.00 0.16 0.37 0.00 99.02

22时20分01秒 all 0.14 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.00 99.72

平均时间: all 0.16 0.03 0.13 0.07 0.00 99.62

22时50分01秒 CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle

23时00分01秒 all 0.12 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 99.81

23时10分01秒 all 0.12 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 99.80

平均时间: all 0.12 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 99.81

nload 命令

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# nload

Device eth0 [172.31.110.12] (1/2):

================================================================

Incoming:

Curr: 1.02 kBit/s

Avg: 1.16 kBit/s

Min: 1.02 kBit/s

Max: 3.08 kBit/s

Ttl: 21.38 MByte

Outgoing:

Curr: 9.94 kBit/s

Avg: 9.05 kBit/s

Min: 2.82 kBit/s

Max: 9.94 kBit/s

Ttl: 304.54 kByte

iostat

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# iostat
Linux 3.10.0-693.2.2.el7.x86_64 (izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z) 03/22/2018 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)

avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.12 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.00 99.80

Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
vda 0.26 1.44 2.56 216405 383716

iotop

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# iotop
3949 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.01 % [kworker/0:1]
Total DISK READ : 0.00 B/s | Total DISK WRITE : 0.00 B/s
Actual DISK READ: 0.00 B/s | Actual DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s
TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND
3584 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % sshd: root@pts/0
1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd]
3 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [ksoftirqd/0]
5 be/0 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/0:0H]
6 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u2:0]
7 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [migration/0]
8 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_bh]
9 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [rcu_sched]

free

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1016164 75072 539164 416 401928 787988
Swap: 0 0 0
[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# free -k
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1016164 74916 539336 416 401912 788160
Swap: 0 0 0
[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 992 73 526 0 392 769
Swap: 0 0 0
[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 992M 73M 526M 416K 392M 769M
Swap: 0B 0B 0B

tcpdump

[root@izm5e9voc4k5nenpa42yb3z ~]# tcpdump -nn -c 10
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
16:29:51.834760 IP 172.31.110.12.22 > 222.66.77.18.17685: Flags [P.], seq 4166017567:4166017763, ack 3983410145, win 281, length 196
16:29:51.834886 IP 172.31.110.12.22 > 222.66.77.18.17685: Flags [P.], seq 196:376, ack 1, win 281, length 180
16:29:51.834931 IP 172.31.110.12.22 > 222.66.77.18.17685: Flags [P.], seq 376:540, ack 1, win 281, length 164
16:29:51.834954 IP 172.31.110.12.22 > 222.66.77.18.17685: Flags [P.], seq 540:704, ack 1, win 281, length 164
16:29:51.834976 IP 172.31.110.12.22 > 222.66.77.18.17685: Flags [P.], seq 704:868, ack 1, win 281, length 164
16:29:51.834996 IP 172.31.110.12.22 > 222.66.77.18.17685: Flags [P.], seq 868:1032, ack 1, win 281, length 164

第十章 日常运维

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