数据泵导出导入物化视图
一.1 BLOG文档结构图
一.2 前言部分
一.2.1 导读和注意事项
各位技术爱好者，看完本文后，你可以掌握如下的技能，也可以学到一些其它你所不知道的知识，~O(∩_∩)O~：
① 如何使用数据泵导出和导入物化视图（重点）
② ORA-39083和ORA-00942错误解决
③ 数据泵的简单使用
④ parfile的使用
⑤ 数据泵生成dmp文件中的DDL语句
Tips：
① 本文在itpub（http://blog.itpub.net/26736162）、博客园(http://www.cnblogs.com/lhrbest)和微信公众号（xiaomaimiaolhr）上有同步更新。
② 文章中用到的所有代码、相关软件、相关资料及本文的pdf版本都请前往小麦苗的云盘下载，小麦苗的云盘地址见：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1624453/。
③ 若网页文章代码格式有错乱，请下载pdf格式的文档来阅读。
④ 本文适合于初中级人员阅读，数据库大师请略过本文。
⑤ 不喜勿喷。
本文若有错误或不完善的地方请大家多多指正，您的批评指正是我写作的最大动力。
一.2.2 小麦苗课程
小麦苗课堂开课啦，如下是现有的课程，欢迎咨询小麦苗：
| 课程名称 |
课时 |
上课时间（可根据情况调整） |
价格 |
|
| OCP（从入门到专家） |
每年1期，35课时左右/期 |
每周一、周三、周四、周六 |
20：00-22：00 |
1600 |
| OCM认证 |
每年N期，9课时/期 |
每周二、周五 |
20：00-22：00 |
23000 |
| 高可用课程（rac+dg+ogg） |
每年1期，20课时左右/期 |
每周一、周三、周四、周六 |
20：00-22：00 |
2000 |
| Oracle初级入门 |
每年1期，15课时左右/期 |
每周一、周三、周四、周六 |
20：00-22：00 |
800 |
| Oracle健康检查脚本 |
可微信或微店购买。 |
100 |
||
| Oracle数据库技能直通车 |
包含如下3个课程： ①《11g OCP网络课程培训》（面向零基础） 价值1600元 ②《11g OCM网络班课程培训》（Oracle技能合集）价值10000+元 ③《RAC + DG + OGG 高可用网络班课程》 价值2000元 以上3个课程全部打包只要5888，只要5888所有课程带回家，终身指导！所有课程都是在线讲课，不是播放视频，课件全部赠送！ 注意：以上OCP和OCM课程只包括培训课程，不包括考试费用。 |
5888 |
||
注意：
1、每次上课前30分钟答疑。
2、OCM实时答疑，提供和考试一样的练习模拟环境，只要按照老师讲的方式来练习，可以保证100%通过。
3、授课方式：YY语音网络直播讲课（非视频） + QQ互动答疑 + 视频复习。其中，OCM在上海开设现场班。
4、OCP课时可以根据大家学习情况进行增加或缩减。
5、以上所有课程均可循环听课。
6、12c OCM课程私聊。
7、Oracle初级入门课程，只教大家最实用+最常用的Oracle操作维护知识。
| 培训项目 |
连接地址 |
| DB笔试面试历史连接 |
|
| OCP培训说明连接 |
|
| OCM培训说明连接 |
|
| 高可用（RAC+DG+OGG）培训说明连接 |
|
| OCP最新题库解析历史连接（052） |
|
| 微店地址 |
l 网名：小麦苗
l QQ：646634621
l QQ群:618766405
l 我的博客：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/abstract/1/
l 微信公众号：xiaomaimiaolhr，二维码如下：
l 小麦苗的微信二维码如下所示，加我时请备注相关信息：
l 我的微店地址：https://weidian.com/s/793741433?wfr=c&ifr=shopdetail
l 出版的数据库类丛书：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2142121/
l 博客链接：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/abstract/1/
l 小麦苗课堂资料（视频+讲课资料）：https://share.weiyun.com/5fAdN5m
一.3 故障分析及解决过程
有网友问，物化视图是否能单独进行导出和导入呢？因为导出不报错，但是导入的时候报错了，报错信息如下所示：
网友给出的导出和导入的SQL语句如下所示：
| expdp system/oracle dumpfile=dumpdir:mview.dmp schemas=scott include=materialized_view impdp system/oracle dumpfile=dumpdir:mview.dmp |
导出和导入语句没毛病，小麦苗自己也测试了一下，的确如此，会报错的。
一.3.1 故障环境介绍
| 项目 |
source db |
| db 类型 |
|
| db version |
11.2.0.3.0 |
| db 存储 |
|
| OS版本及kernel版本 |
|
一.3.2 故障发生现象及报错信息
| ORA-39083: Object type MATERIALIZED_VIEW failed to create with error: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist Failing sql is: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ("OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_NAME") USING ("TEST_MV_LHR", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 1, 0, 0, "LHR", "TEST_MV", '2018-05-30 10:58:06', 0, 76926, '1950-01-01 12:00:00', '', 0, 1372748, 0, NULL, (1, "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_ID", 0, 321, 0)), 2097249, 10, ('1950-01-01 12:00:00', 46, 0, 0, 1372748, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, NULL)) REFRESH FORCE WITH PRIMARY KEY AS SELECT " Job "LHR"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 11:09:05 |
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ ORACLE_SID=OCPLHR1 [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 30 10:55:41 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@OCPLHR1> conn lhr/lhr Connected. LHR@OCPLHR1> LHR@OCPLHR1> LHR@OCPLHR1> create table test_mv as select object_id,object_name from all_objects;
Table created.
LHR@OCPLHR1> alter table test_mv modify(object_id primary key);
Table altered.
LHR@OCPLHR1> select count(1) from test_mv;
COUNT(1) ---------- 72518
LHR@OCPLHR1> create materialized view log on test_mv ;
Materialized view log created.
LHR@OCPLHR1> create materialized view test_mv_lhr as select * from test_mv;
Materialized view created.
LHR@OCPLHR1> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview.dmp schemas=lhr include=materialized_view
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 10:59:32 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity. Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview.dmp schemas=lhr include=materialized_view Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 11:00:01
|
导入操作：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ ORACLE_SID=OCPLHR2 [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview.dmp /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR2/dpdump/mview.dmp [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$
[oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 30 11:02:43 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@OCPLHR2> create user lhr identified by lhr;
User created.
SYS@OCPLHR2> grant dba to lhr;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@OCPLHR2> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview.dmp
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:03:17 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW ORA-39083: Object type MATERIALIZED_VIEW failed to create with error: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist Failing sql is: CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ("OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_NAME") USING ("TEST_MV_LHR", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 1, 0, 0, "LHR", "TEST_MV", '2018-05-30 10:58:06', 0, 76926, '1950-01-01 12:00:00', '', 0, 1372748, 0, NULL, (1, "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_ID", 0, 321, 0)), 2097249, 10, ('1950-01-01 12:00:00', 46, 0, 0, 1372748, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, NULL)) REFRESH FORCE WITH PRIMARY KEY AS SELECT " Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 11:03:21
|
查看其DDL语句：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview.dmp sqlfile=a.txt
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:04:13 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview.dmp sqlfile=a.txt Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at 11:04:16
[oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR2/dpdump/ [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ cat a.txt -- CONNECT SYSTEM ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10150 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10904 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '25475 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10407 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10851 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '22830 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 192 '; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW -- CONNECT LHR CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ("OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_NAME") USING ("TEST_MV_LHR", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 1, 0, 0, "LHR", "TEST_MV", '2018-05-30 10:58:06', 0, 76926, '1950-01-01 12:00:00', '', 0, 1372748, 0, NULL, (1, "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_ID", 0, 321, 0)), 2097249, 10, ('1950-01-01 12:00:00', 46, 0, 0, 1372748, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, NULL)) REFRESH FORCE WITH PRIMARY KEY AS SELECT "TEST_MV"."OBJECT_ID" "OBJECT_ID","TEST_MV"."OBJECT_NAME" "OBJECT_NAME" FROM "TEST_MV" "TEST_MV";
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" COMPILE;
|
单独拿出来执行，也报错：
| [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 30 11:04:58 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@OCPLHR2> CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ("OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_NAME") USING ("TEST_MV_LHR", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 1, 0, 0, "LHR", "TEST_MV", '2018-05-30 10:58:06', 0, 76926, '1950-01-01 12:00:00', '', 0, 1372748, 0, NULL, (1, "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_ID", 0, 321, 0)), 2097249, 10, ('1950-01-01 12:00:00', 46, 0, 0, 1372748, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, NULL)) REFRESH FORCE WITH PRIMARY KEY AS SELECT "TEST_MV"."OBJECT_ID" "OBJECT_ID","TEST_MV"."OBJECT_NAME" "OBJECT_NAME" FROM "TEST_MV" "TEST_MV"; CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ("OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_NAME") USING ("TEST_MV_LHR", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 1, 0, 0, "LHR", "TEST_MV", '2018-05-30 10:58:06', 0, 76926, '1950-01-01 12:00:00', '', 0, 1372748, 0, NULL, (1, "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_ID", 0, 321, 0)), 2097249, 10, ('1950-01-01 12:00:00', 46, 0, 0, 1372748, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, NULL)) REFRESH FORCE WITH PRIMARY KEY AS SELECT "TEST_MV"."OBJECT_ID" "OBJECT_ID","TEST_MV"."OBJECT_NAME" "OBJECT_NAME" FROM "TEST_MV" "TEST_MV" * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
|
一.3.3 故障分析
非常奇怪。但是，基于SCHEMA模式导出和导入没有问题，那么可以尝试一下，然后查看其DDL语句，估计能找到一些蛛丝马迹：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview3.dmp schemas=lhr
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:38:34 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity. Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview3.dmp schemas=lhr Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 15.06 MB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG . . exported "LHR"."TB_TMP" 7.270 MB 75216 rows . . exported "LHR"."TEST_MV" 2.307 MB 72518 rows . . exported "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" 2.307 MB 72518 rows . . exported "LHR"."TEST_UI" 26.71 KB 1 rows . . exported "LHR"."MLOG$_TEST_MV" 0 KB 0 rows Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview3.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 11:39:18
|
基于schema进行导入：
| [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 30 11:26:28 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@OCPLHR2> drop user lhr cascade;
User dropped.
SYS@OCPLHR2> create user lhr identified by lhr;
User created.
SYS@OCPLHR2> grant dba to lhr; Grant succeeded.
SYS@OCPLHR2> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview3.dmp
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:41:42 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview3.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER ORA-31684: Object type USER:"LHR" already exists Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "LHR"."TEST_MV" 2.307 MB 72518 rows . . imported "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" 2.307 MB 72518 rows . . imported "LHR"."TEST_UI" 26.71 KB 1 rows . . imported "LHR"."MLOG$_TEST_MV" 0 KB 0 rows Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at 11:41:51
|
没有问题，那么查看一下它的DDL语句呢：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview3.dmp sqlfile=c.txt
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:42:48 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview3.dmp sqlfile=c.txt Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at 11:42:53
[oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR2/dpdump [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ cat c.txt -- CONNECT SYSTEM ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10150 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10904 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '25475 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10407 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '10851 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1'; ALTER SESSION SET EVENTS '22830 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 192 '; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER CREATE USER "LHR" IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'S:B8183DC121F881C2FA1B308FC6F7ED3ED020707C59062FB3EC22F461E886;157AE4BCFD41976D' DEFAULT TABLESPACE "USERS" TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP"; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT GRANT CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW TO "LHR"; GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO "LHR"; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT GRANT "DBA" TO "LHR"; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE ALTER USER "LHR" DEFAULT ROLE ALL; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA -- CONNECT LHR
BEGIN sys.dbms_logrep_imp.instantiate_schema(schema_name=>SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_SCHEMA'), export_db_name=>'OCPLHR1', inst_scn=>'1380545'); COMMIT; END; / -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE -- CONNECT SYSTEM 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 CREATE TABLE "LHR"."TEST_MV" ( "OBJECT_ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(30 BYTE) NOT NULL ENABLE ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" ; 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 CREATE TABLE "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ( "OBJECT_ID" NUMBER NOT NULL ENABLE, "OBJECT_NAME" VARCHAR2(30 BYTE) NOT NULL ENABLE ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" ; 。。。。。。。。。。 -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT COMMENT ON TABLE "LHR"."MLOG$_TEST_MV" IS 'snapshot log for master table LHR.TEST_MV'; COMMENT ON TABLE "LHR"."RUPD$_TEST_MV" IS 'temporary updatable snapshot log'; COMMENT ON MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" IS 'snapshot table for snapshot LHR.TEST_MV_LHR'; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX -- CONNECT LHR CREATE INDEX "LHR"."I_TU" ON "LHR"."TEST_UI" ("TABLE_NAME") PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 NOLOGGING STORAGE( INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "EXAMPLE" PARALLEL 1 ;
ALTER INDEX "LHR"."I_TU" NOPARALLEL;
ALTER INDEX "LHR"."I_TU" UNUSABLE; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT -- CONNECT SYSTEM ALTER TABLE "LHR"."TEST_MV" ADD PRIMARY KEY ("OBJECT_ID") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE; ALTER TABLE "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ADD PRIMARY KEY ("OBJECT_ID") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "USERS" ENABLE; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ("OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_NAME") USING ("TEST_MV_LHR", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 1, 0, 0, "LHR", "TEST_MV", '2018-05-30 11:25:11', 0, 76926, '1950-01-01 12:00:00', '', 0, 1378477, 0, NULL, (1, "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_ID", 0, 321, 0)), 2097249, 10, ('1950-01-01 12:00:00', 62, 0, 0, 1378477, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, NULL)) REFRESH FORCE WITH PRIMARY KEY AS SELECT "TEST_MV"."OBJECT_ID" "OBJECT_ID","TEST_MV"."OBJECT_NAME" "OBJECT_NAME" FROM "TEST_MV" "TEST_MV";
ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" COMPILE; -- new object type path: SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/MATERIALIZED_VIEW_LOG -- CONNECT SYSTEM CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON "LHR"."TEST_MV" WITH PRIMARY KEY USING ("MLOG$_TEST_MV", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 270434, '2018-05-30 11:25:11', '2018-05-30 11:25:11', '2018-05-30 10:56:34', '4000-01-01 00:00:00', '4000-01-01 00:00:00', '4000-01-01 00:00:00', 1, "OBJECT_ID", '2018-05-30 10:56:34', 2, 1, 62, '2018-05-30 11:25:11', 1378477, ("RUPD$_TEST_MV"))); [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ ss
|
果然找到一点蛛丝马迹，在创建物化视图之前，竟然创建了一张和物化视图同名的表。于是乎，测试一下：
| create materialized VIEW mv_lhr as select * from lhr.tb_tmp; SELECT * FROM dba_tables d WHERE d.TABLE_NAME LIKE '%MV_LHR%' ; SELECT * FROM Dba_Mviews; |
果然如此。
由此可知，在使用数据泵导出和导入物化视图时，以下SQL并不能创建和原物化视图一样的表，因此执行时会报错：
| CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ("OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_NAME") USING ("TEST_MV_LHR", (10, 'OCPLHR1', 1, 0, 0, "LHR", "TEST_MV", '2018-05-30 10:58:06', 0, 76926, '1950-01-01 12:00:00', '', 0, 1372748, 0, NULL, (1, "OBJECT_ID", "OBJECT_ID", 0, 321, 0)), 2097249, 10, ('1950-01-01 12:00:00', 46, 0, 0, 1372748, 0, 0, 0, 1, NULL, NULL)) REFRESH FORCE WITH PRIMARY KEY AS SELECT "TEST_MV"."OBJECT_ID" "OBJECT_ID","TEST_MV"."OBJECT_NAME" "OBJECT_NAME" FROM "TEST_MV" "TEST_MV"; |
所以解决办法就很简单了，在导出的时候，需要导出和原物化视图同名的表即可。
一.3.4 故障解决
| expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\" impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp |
导出：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\"
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:48:16 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity. Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview4.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR')",materialized_view:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR')" Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW . . exported "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" 0 KB 0 rows Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview4.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 11:48:46
|
导入：
| [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview4.dmp /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR2/dpdump/mview4.dmp [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 30 11:49:09 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@OCPLHR2> drop user lhr cascade;
User dropped.
SYS@OCPLHR2> create user lhr identified by lhr;
User created.
SYS@OCPLHR2> grant dba to lhr;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@OCPLHR2> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:50:25 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02": system/******** dumpfile=mview4.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" 0 KB 0 rows Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_02" successfully completed at 11:50:29
[oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 30 11:50:36 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@OCPLHR2> select count(1) from "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR";
COUNT(1) ---------- 0
SYS@OCPLHR2> exit
|
可以看到，导入不报错了，但是，物化视图并没有数据。所以，还需要将物化视图的基本加上，这样才能将数据导出：
| expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview5.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\',\'TEST_MV\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\" impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp exec dbms_mview.refresh('TEST_MV_LHR','C'); |
导出：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview5.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\',\'TEST_MV\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\"
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:56:08 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity. Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview5.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR','TEST_MV')",materialized_view:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR')" Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 3 MB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW . . exported "LHR"."TEST_MV" 2.307 MB 72518 rows . . exported "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" 0 KB 0 rows Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview5.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 11:56:39
|
导入：
| SYS@OCPLHR2> drop user lhr cascade;
User dropped.
SYS@OCPLHR2> create user lhr identified by lhr;
User created.
SYS@OCPLHR2> grant dba to lhr;
Grant succeeded.
SYS@OCPLHR2> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview5.dmp /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR2/dpdump/mview5.dmp [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ [oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview5.dmp
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 11:57:22 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview5.dmp Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA . . imported "LHR"."TEST_MV" 2.307 MB 72518 rows . . imported "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" 0 KB 0 rows Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/MATERIALIZED_VIEW Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 11:57:28
[oracle@OCPLHR dpdump]$ ss
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed May 30 11:57:43 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SYS@OCPLHR2> conn lhr/lhr Connected. LHR@OCPLHR2> select count(1) from "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ;
COUNT(1) ---------- 0
LHR@OCPLHR2> exec dbms_mview.refresh('TEST_MV_LHR','C');
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
LHR@OCPLHR2> select count(1) from "LHR"."TEST_MV_LHR" ;
COUNT(1) ---------- 72518
|
完美导出。
最后查询MOS，在MOS中搜到一篇文章，如下：
Impdp of Materialized View Results in ORA-39083 and ORA-942 (文档 ID 549843.1)
其解决方案和我的一致。
最后，再说一个内容，如果命令中的转义字符看不懂（其实：单引号、双引号、小括号 都需要进行转义），或不会写，那么可以使用parfile参数来修改：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ cat par_lhr.par include=TABLE:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR','TEST_MV')",materialized_view:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR')" [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview6.dmp schemas=lhr parfile=par_lhr.par
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 30 21:22:25 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity. Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** dumpfile=mview6.dmp schemas=lhr parfile=par_lhr.par Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method... Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 3 MB Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_TABLE_ACTION . . exported "LHR"."TEST_MV" 2.307 MB 72518 rows ORA-39168: Object path MATERIALIZED_VIEW was not found. Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is: /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCPLHR1/dpdump/mview6.dmp Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:23:07
[oracle@OCPLHR ~]$
|
一.4 故障处理总结
1、使用数据泵进行导出和导入时，基于schema和数据库级别可以导出和导入物化视图。
2、使用数据泵单独导出和导入物化视图（include=materialized_view）时，会报ORA-39083和ORA-00942错误。
3、在新建一个物化视图时，会同步新建一个同名的表。所以，使用数据泵单独导出和导入物化视图（include=materialized_view）时，需要加上这些同名的表。
4、INCLUDE进行导出和导入时只会导出和导入显式指定的数据库对象，而其依赖的对象并不会进行导出和导入。
5、若只导出物化视图的创建语句，则可以使用如下SQL：
| expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\" impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp |
若需要同步导出物化视图的创建语句及其存储的数据，则可以使用如下SQL：
| expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview5.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\',\'TEST_MV\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\" impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp exec dbms_mview.refresh('TEST_MV_LHR','C'); |
6、同步数据可以使用如下的SQL语句：
| exec dbms_mview.refresh('TEST_MV_LHR','C'); |
一.5 用到的SQL集合
| create table test_mv as select object_id,object_name from all_objects; alter table test_mv modify(object_id primary key); create materialized view log on test_mv ; create materialized view test_mv_lhr as select * from test_mv;
|
TEST_MV是基表 TEST_MV_LHR是物化视图
--不同步数据
| expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\" impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp
|
--TEST_MV是基表 同步数据
| expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview5.dmp schemas=lhr include=TABLE:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\',\'TEST_MV\'\)\",materialized_view:\"IN \(\'TEST_MV_LHR\'\)\" impdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview4.dmp exec dbms_mview.refresh('TEST_MV_LHR','C');
|
parfile的使用：
| [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ cat par_lhr.par include=TABLE:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR','TEST_MV')",materialized_view:"IN ('TEST_MV_LHR')" [oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ expdp system/lhr dumpfile=mview6.dmp schemas=lhr parfile=par_lhr.par
|
一.6 参考文章
一.6.1 MOS
