OSPF简单多区域及末梢区域配置
前言
上节，介绍了OSPF的多区域和末梢区域，这一节简单给各位介绍下配置。
一、简单实验题
二、简单OSPF配置
1、先配置各个路由端口的基本配置
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]user- con 0
[R1-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R1-ui-console0]q
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]q
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]user- con 0
[R2-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R2-ui-console0]q
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loopb 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]q
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R3
[R3]user- con 0
[R3-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R3-ui-console0]q
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 23.0.0.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]q
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]user- con 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]id 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loopb 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]q
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R5
[R5]user- con 0
[R5-ui-console0]id 0 0
[R5-ui-console0]q
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.0.0.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32
[R5-LoopBack0]q
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]user- con 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]id 0 0
[Huawei-ui-console0]q
[Huawei]sys R6
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.0.0.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loopb 0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 32
[R6-LoopBack0]q
2、配置OSPF
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R1-ospf-1]q
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R2-ospf-1]q
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R3-ospf-1]q
[R4]ospf 1
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 34.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R4-ospf-1]area 2
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R4-ospf-1]q
[R5]ospf 1
[R5-ospf-1]area 2
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 45.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 56.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R5-ospf-1]q
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 56.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R6-ospf-1]q
3、路由表及连通性（以R1为例）
记得需要等一段时间，因为配置完OSPF后，需要进行选举DR、BDR等一系列通信，大概十秒左右就行
[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 17 Routes : 17
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
6.6.6.6/32 OSPF 10 5 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
23.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
34.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
45.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
56.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 5 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]ping -a 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6
PING 6.6.6.6: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=70 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=60 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=40 ms
--- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/54/70 ms
三、 末梢区域配置
1、配置
上面我们看到了简单的OSPF多区域配置，这个时候，我们把区域1的R1改成末梢配置，其他区域配置不变再看一下，
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R1-ospf-1]q
因为R2是ABR，R1的变更信息需要ABR进行宣告，所以也得配置
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 23.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R2-ospf-1]q
2、连通性及路由表
我们看下R1的路由表和连通性
[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 18 Routes : 18
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
5.5.5.5/32 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
6.6.6.6/32 OSPF 10 5 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
23.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
34.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
45.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
56.0.0.0/24 OSPF 10 5 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]ping -a 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6
PING 6.6.6.6: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=50 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=30 ms
--- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/40/50 ms
3、变化
这时候我们发现，R1的路由表例多出了一条默认的0.0.0.0的路由，连通性没有变化，依然可以通信。
四、 完全末梢区域配置
1、配置
这次我们来了解下完全末梢区域，依然是只改动区域1的路由配置。
首先，因为R2是ABR，R1的变更信息需要ABR进行宣告，所以我们配置R2来宣告R1的完全末梢区域
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]undo stub
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
2、查看R1的连通性及路由表
[R1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 9 Routes : 9
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 D 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
12.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
12.0.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
[R1]ping -a 1.1.1.1 6.6.6.6
PING 6.6.6.6: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=251 time=30 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=251 time=40 ms
Reply from 6.6.6.6: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=251 time=40 ms
--- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/38/40 ms
3、变化
我们可以发现，R1路由表例的其他路由不见了，但是多了一条0.0.0.0的默认路由，这就是LSA3里只剩下一条默认路由，LS3的其他都没有了，但是通信完全没问题。
五、总结
OSPF有其特别的用处，对以后的学习很重要，大家需要好好学习，明天或者今天赶更继续更新OSPF的重要一章节：虚链路。