错题集——路由重分发

其他 2021-01-22 12:36:07 阅读次数: 0

错题集——路由重分发

前言

老样子，复习下路由重分发，然后一如既往的发现了自己出错了，为了告知同样出错的小伙伴，所以特地写下来。

一、题目

在这里插入图片描述

二、需求

全网互通

三、命令

1、R1

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.1 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loop 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.10.2

2、R2

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.2 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.2 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loop 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]ospf 1
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 1
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route static
[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route direct
[Huawei-ospf-1]q
[Huawei]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 192.168.10.1

3、R3

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.3 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.30.3 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/2
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.40.3 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loop 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]ospf 1
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 1
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[Huawei-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always
[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route direct 
[Huawei-ospf-1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.40.5

4、R4

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.30.4 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.50.4 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loop 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]ospf 1
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[Huawei-ospf-1]q
[Huawei]rip 1
[Huawei-rip-1]v 2
[Huawei-rip-1]undo sum
[Huawei-rip-1]net 192.168.50.0
[Huawei-rip-1]net 4.0.0.0
[Huawei-rip-1]import-route ospf 1 cost 3
[Huawei-rip-1]q
[Huawei]ospf 1
[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 type 1 cost 1
[Huawei-ospf-1]import-route direct

5、R5

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.40.5 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loop 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.40.3

6、R6

<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]int g0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.50.6 24
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loop 0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 32
[Huawei-LoopBack0]q
[Huawei]rip 1
[Huawei-rip-1]v 2
[Huawei-rip-1]undo sum
[Huawei-rip-1]net 192.168.50.0
[Huawei-rip-1]net 6.0.0.0

四、问题出现

这时候，我看了下每个路由表的情况，发现了下面的问题

1、R3

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 21       Routes : 21       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.40.5    GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
        1.1.1.1/32  O_ASE   150  1           D   192.168.20.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   1           D   192.168.20.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
        3.3.3.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        4.4.4.4/32  OSPF    10   1           D   192.168.30.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  O_ASE   150  2           D   192.168.30.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   192.168.20.2    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.20.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.20.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.20.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
 192.168.20.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.30.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.30.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.30.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.40.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.40.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
   192.168.40.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
 192.168.40.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
   192.168.50.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   192.168.30.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

2、R4

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 19       Routes : 19       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   O_ASE   150  1           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  O_ASE   150  1           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  OSPF    10   2           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  OSPF    10   1           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
        6.6.6.6/32  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.50.6    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.20.0/24  OSPF    10   2           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.30.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.30.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.30.4/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.30.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.40.0/24  O_ASE   150  1           D   192.168.30.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.50.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
   192.168.50.4/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
 192.168.50.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

3、R5

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9        

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   192.168.40.3    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        5.5.5.5/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.40.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.40.5    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.40.5/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.40.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

4、R6

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 16       Routes : 16       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        1.1.1.1/32  RIP     100  4           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  RIP     100  4           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  RIP     100  4           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  RIP     100  4           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.20.0/24  RIP     100  4           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.30.0/24  RIP     100  4           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.40.0/24  RIP     100  4           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.50.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.50.6    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.50.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.50.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

五、问题

R6的路由表中没有R5，但是R3和R4的路由表中都包含了R5和R6的路由，那为什么R6学不到R5的这条默认路由呢？

六、回想原理

  • R3和R5互作默认路由，然后R3在OSPF里面下发默认路由。
  • R4是有一个接口属于OSPF，它学到这默认路由之后，在Rip里注入OSPF，然后把他在rip里面再去下发这条默认路由。
  • 然后R6就能在同为Rip 的R4上学到这条下发的默认路由

七、问题解决

原来是没有在R4的Rip里写下发默认路由的命令，怪不得R6学不到这条默认路由

1、赶紧加上

R4

[Huawei-rip-1]default-route originate

2、加上之后

加上之后，我们来看下R6的路由表

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 17       Routes : 17       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   RIP     100  1           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        1.1.1.1/32  RIP     100  15          D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        2.2.2.2/32  RIP     100  15          D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        3.3.3.3/32  RIP     100  15          D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        4.4.4.4/32  RIP     100  1           D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
        6.6.6.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
   192.168.10.0/24  RIP     100  15          D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.20.0/24  RIP     100  15          D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.30.0/24  RIP     100  15          D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.40.0/24  RIP     100  15          D   192.168.50.4    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.50.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.50.6    GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
   192.168.50.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
 192.168.50.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

总结

果然，有时候，原理在脑袋里转的没什么问题，但做出来的时候，有时候就会忘记一两个，导致需求达不到，所以，做实验还是得按规则来做，比如，先把所以的基础命令配置好，再全部配置某个高级命令，接着再全部配另一个高级命令等，有条理的做，不仅方便查问题，也方便别人看出你的问题所在。

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