文章目录
一、安装条件
系统及配置要求
物理内存,不少于1GB
交换分区
物理内存为1-2GB时,设置为物理内存的1.5-2倍
物理内存为2-16GB时,设置为物理内存大小相同
不能少于4G
磁盘空间,创建xfs文件系统并且进行挂载不少于15G
拥有固定的FQDN名称,安装后不建议再更改
软件要求
GNOME中文桌面环境
中文JAva支持
安装所需软件包
二、安装环境
虚拟机VMware
Centos 7.6版本
内核版本为 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
swap交换分区为16GB
新增磁盘为50GB
防火墙,核心防护均为关闭状态
yum仓库为线网源
三、安装过程
3.1、更改主机名Oracle并挂载新增磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname oracle
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/hosts
20.0.0.25 oracle
[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@oracle ~]# mkfs -t xfs /dev/sdb1
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /orc/
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /orc xfs defaults 0 0 ##新增
[root@oracle ~]# mount -a
3.2、安装软件环境包
[root@oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
3.3、调整内核参数
[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@oracle ~]# sysctl -p
3.4、用户环境配置
[root@oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@oracle ~]# passwd oracle #密码自设
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /orc/app/oracle
[root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /orc/app/
[root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 755 /orc/app/oracle/
[root@oracle ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
umask 022
ORACLE_BASE=/orc/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/
ORACLE_SID=orcl
NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA".UTF8
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export PATH LANG NLS_LANG ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID
3.5、oracle用户资源限制
使用pam_limits认证模块
[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login
#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth substack system-auth
auth include postlogin
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so 新增下面两行添加资源限制模块
session required pam_limits.so
...省略下面内容
[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] 最后插入
then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]
then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
[root@oracle ~]# source /etc/profile
3.6、oracle安装
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /abc
[root@oracle ~]# cd /abc
此时用xshell把安装包放入abc目录中 进行解压
[root@oracle abc]# unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
图形化界面操作
[root@oracle ~]# xhost +
[root@oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd abc
[oracle@oracle abc]$ export DISPLAY=:0.0
[oracle@oracle abc]$ cd database/
[oracle@oracle database]$ ./runInstaller
执行完会出现图形界面安装
安装中弹窗处理
在 root 用户下输入下面两条命令
[root@oracle ~]# /orc/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracle ~]# /orc/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
注意要等脚本都加载完成,在继续选择进行安装
安装成功
3.7、测试Oracle数据库
[oracle@oracle database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
连接到:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> ## 已连接
SQL> show user ## 查看下当前用户
USER 为 "SYS"