在使用 SpringSecurity
中,大伙都知道默认的登录数据是通过 key/value
的形式来传递的,默认情况下不支持 JSON 格式的登录数据,如果有这种需求,就需要自己来解决。
文章目录
一、基本的登录方案
在说如何使用 JSON 登录之前,我们还是先来看看基本的登录吧,本文为了简单,SpringSecurity 在使用中就不连接数据库了,直接在内存中配置用户名和密码,具体操作步骤如下:
(1)创建 Spring Boot 工程
首先创建 SpringBoot 工程,添加 SpringSecurity 依赖,如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
(2)添加 Security 配置
创建 SecurityConfig,完成 SpringSecurity 的配置,如下:
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("zhangsan").password("$2a$10$2O4EwLrrFPEboTfDOtC0F.RpUMk.3q3KvBHRx7XXKUMLBGjOOBs8q").roles("user");
}
@Override
public void configure(WebSecurity web) throws Exception {
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin()
.loginProcessingUrl("/doLogin")
.successHandler(new AuthenticationSuccessHandler() {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean ok = RespBean.ok("登录成功!",authentication.getPrincipal());
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ok));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
})
.failureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler() {
@Override
public void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AuthenticationException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean error = RespBean.error("登录失败");
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(error));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
})
.loginPage("/login")
.permitAll()
.and()
.logout()
.logoutUrl("/logout")
.logoutSuccessHandler(new LogoutSuccessHandler() {
@Override
public void onLogoutSuccess(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean ok = RespBean.ok("注销成功!");
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(ok));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
})
.permitAll()
.and()
.csrf()
.disable()
.exceptionHandling()
.accessDeniedHandler(new AccessDeniedHandler() {
@Override
public void handle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException {
RespBean error = RespBean.error("权限不足,访问失败");
resp.setStatus(403);
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(error));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
});
}
}
这里的配置虽然有点长,但是很基础,配置含义也比较清晰,首先提供 BCryptPasswordEncoder
作为 PasswordEncoder ,可以实现对密码的自动加密加盐,非常方便,然后提供了一个名为 zhangsan 的用户,密码是 123 ,角色是 user ,最后配置登录逻辑,所有的请求都需要登录后才能访问,登录接口是 /doLogin
,用户名的 key 是 username ,密码的 key 是 password ,同时配置登录成功、登录失败以及注销成功、权限不足时都给用户返回JSON
提示,另外,这里虽然配置了登录页面为 /login
,实际上这不是一个页面,而是一段 JSON
,在 LoginController
中提供该接口,如下:
@RestController
@ResponseBody
public class LoginController {
@GetMapping("/login")
public RespBean login() {
return RespBean.error("尚未登录,请登录");
}
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String hello() {
return "hello";
}
}
这里 /login
只是一个 JSON 提示,而不是页面, /hello
则是一个测试接口。
OK,做完上述步骤就可以开始测试了,运行 SpringBoot 项目,访问 /hello
接口,结果如下:
此时先调用登录接口进行登录,如下:
登录成功后,再去访问 /hello
接口就可以成功访问了。
二、使用 JSON 登录
上面演示的是一种原始的登录方案,如果想将用户名密码通过 JSON 的方式进行传递,则需要自定义相关过滤器,通过分析源码我们发现,默认的用户名密码提取在 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
过滤器中,部分源码如下:
public class UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter extends
AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {
public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_USERNAME_KEY = "username";
public static final String SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_PASSWORD_KEY = "password";
private String usernameParameter = SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_USERNAME_KEY;
private String passwordParameter = SPRING_SECURITY_FORM_PASSWORD_KEY;
private boolean postOnly = true;
public UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter() {
super(new AntPathRequestMatcher("/login", "POST"));
}
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
if (postOnly && !request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException(
"Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod());
}
String username = obtainUsername(request);
String password = obtainPassword(request);
if (username == null) {
username = "";
}
if (password == null) {
password = "";
}
username = username.trim();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
username, password);
// Allow subclasses to set the "details" property
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
protected String obtainPassword(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(passwordParameter);
}
protected String obtainUsername(HttpServletRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(usernameParameter);
}
//...
//...
}
从这里可以看到,默认的用户名/密码提取就是通过 request 中的 getParameter
来提取的,如果想使用 JSON 传递用户名密码,只需要将这个过滤器替换掉即可,自定义过滤器如下:
public class MyAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
if (!request.getMethod().equals("POST")) {
throw new AuthenticationServiceException(
"Authentication method not supported: " + request.getMethod());
}
if (request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)) {
//说明用户以 JSON 的形式传递的参数
String username = null;
String password = null;
try {
Map<String, String> map = new ObjectMapper().readValue(request.getInputStream(), Map.class);
username = map.get("username");
password = map.get("password");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (username == null) {
username = "";
}
if (password == null) {
password = "";
}
username = username.trim();
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
username, password);
// Allow subclasses to set the "details" property
setDetails(request, authRequest);
return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
}
return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
}
}
这里只是将用户名/密码的获取方案重新修正下,改为了从 JSON 中获取用户名密码,然后在 SecurityConfig 中作出如下修改:
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.formLogin().permitAll()
.and().csrf().disable();
http.addFilterAt(myAuthenticationFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}
@Bean
MyAuthenticationFilter myAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
MyAuthenticationFilter filter = new MyAuthenticationFilter();
filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
return filter;
}
}
使用 json 登录成功: