阿里云Ubuntu18.04搭建ftp服务器并配置其他用户权限

Ubuntu18.04搭建ftp服务器

1. 如果之前安装过vsftpd,请先卸载 sudo apt-get remove --purge vsftpd
2. 更新源列表: sudo apt-get update
3. 安装vsftpd: sudo apt-get install vsftpd
4. 判断vsftpd是否安装成功: sudo service vsftpd restart
5. 新建”/home/test” 目录作为用户主目录: 

   打开终端窗口，输入”sudo mkdir /home/test” 回车，在输入”sudo ls 

   /home” 回车，有一个test目录，则用户目录创建成功。

6. 新建用户test并设置密码:打开终端，输入”sudo useradd –d /home/test –s /bin/bash test” 回车，新建用户成功，在输入”sudo passwd test” 设置test用户的密码（输入两次） 回车，密码设置成功。

7. 配置文件/etc/vsftpd.conf,具体配置文件如下

   listen=YES
   #
   # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
   # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
   # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
   # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
   # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
   # files.
   #listen_ipv6=YES
   #
   # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
   anonymous_enable=NO
   #
   # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
   local_enable=YES
   #
   # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
   write_enable=YES
   #
   # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
   # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
   local_umask=022
   #
   # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
   # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
   # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
   anon_upload_enable=YES
   #
   # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
   # new directories.
   #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
   #
   # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
   # go into a certain directory.
   dirmessage_enable=YES
   #
   # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
   # in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
   # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
   # option.
   use_localtime=YES
   #
   # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
   xferlog_enable=YES
   #
   # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
   connect_from_port_20=YES
   #
   # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
   # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
   # recommended!
   #chown_uploads=YES
   #chown_username=whoever
   #
   # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
   # below.
   #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
   #
   # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
   # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
   #xferlog_std_format=YES
   #
   # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
   #idle_session_timeout=600
   #
   # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
   #data_connection_timeout=120
   #
   # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
   # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
   #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
   #
   # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
   # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
   # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
   #async_abor_enable=YES
   #
   # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
   # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
   # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
   # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
   # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
   # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
   # raw file.
   # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
   #ascii_upload_enable=YES
   #ascii_download_enable=YES
   #
   # You may fully customise the login banner string:
   #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
   #
   # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
   # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
   #deny_email_enable=YES
   # (default follows)
   #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
   #
   # You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
   # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
   # chroot_list_enable below.
   #chroot_local_user=YES
   #
   # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
   # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
   # users to NOT chroot().
   # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
   # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
   # chroot)
   chroot_local_user=YES
   chroot_list_enable=NO
   # (default follows)
   chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
   #
   # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
   # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
   # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
   # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
   #ls_recurse_enable=YES
   #
   # Customization
   #
   # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
   # default.
   #
   # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
   # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
   # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
   # access.
   secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
   #
   # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
   pasv_enable=YES
   allow_writeable_chroot=YES
   pasv_address=公网ip地址
   pasv_min_port=50000
   pasv_max_port=50010
   pam_service_name=vsftpd
   #
   # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
   # encrypted connections.
   rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
   rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
   ssl_enable=NO
   
   #
   # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
   #utf8_filesystem=YES
   local_root=/home/test
   

8. 开放阿里云21端口并配置限制可用于被动FTP的端口范围，以确保有足够的可用连接

9. 关闭防火墙 ufw diable

10. 查看防火墙状态 ufw status   如果显示inactive,表明防火墙关闭成功
11. 使用vim查看/etc/ftpusers文件中的内容                打开"终端窗口"，输入"sudo vim /etc/ftpusers" 回车-->打开这个文件后，检查是否有test这个用户名，若没有，就直接退出。若有就删除test用户名,因为这个文件中记录的是不能访问FTP服务器的用户清单。
12. 使用FileZilla工具测试连接

配置普通用户访问对ftp服务的访问权限

1. useradd -d /home/test yuanxun      //添加用户yuanxun,限定访问目录/home/test
2. passwd yuanxun                    //设置密码
3. vi /etc/passwd 文件里能看到刚刚创建的用户名和可访问目录信息
4. 使用FileZilla测试该用户对此文件夹的读写权限