【C++ 程序】 贪吃蛇游戏

最近沉迷于编写游戏,虽然都是简单的DOS版(之前尝试可视化编程失败了),井字棋五子棋移动迷宫之后,我又想出还有贪吃蛇没设计过。于是设计了以下程序。

程序

// This is a simple snake game.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstddef>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <random>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
using namespace std;

struct location {
    
    
	unsigned x, y;
}loc1, loc2;

int state = 0;
int ret = 4; // head right by default
unsigned cnt = 0;
unsigned score = 0;
char p[25][30]; // the board
vector<location> vec;
deque<location> snake;

void p_def() // define p
{
    
    
	for (int i = 0; i != 25; i++)
	{
    
    
		if (i != 0 && i != 24)
		{
    
    
			p[i][0] = p[i][29] = '*';
			for (int j = 1; j != 29; j++)
				p[i][j] = ' ';
		}
		else
		{
    
    
			for (int j = 0; j != 30; j++)
				p[i][j] = '*';
		}
	}
	p[13][5] = 'O'; // body
	p[13][6] = '@'; // head
	loc1.x = 13;
	loc1.y = 6; // the initial location of the head of the snake
	loc2.x = 13;
	loc2.y = 5; // the initial location of the tail of the snake
	snake.push_front(loc2); // store the first location of the snake tail
}

void input(char c1, char c2)
{
    
    
	c1 = _getch();
	c2 = _getch();
	switch (c2)
	{
    
    
	case 72: // up
		if (ret != 2)
			ret = 1;
		break;
	case 80: // down
		if (ret != 1)
			ret = 2;
		break;
	case 75: // left
		if (ret != 4)
			ret = 3;
		break;
	case 77: // right
		if (ret != 3)
			ret = 4;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}

void print()
{
    
    
	for (int i = 0; i != 25; i++)
	{
    
    
		for (int j = 0; j != 30; j++)
			std::cout << " " << p[i][j];
		std::cout << endl;
	}
}

void ran() // generate a random food for the snake to eat
{
    
    
	default_random_engine random1, random2;
	for (int i = 0; i != 644; i++)
	{
    
    
		unsigned ran1 = random1() % 23 + 1; // ranging from 1 to 23
		unsigned ran2 = random2() % 28 + 1; // ranging from 1 to 28
		location ran_l;
		ran_l.x = ran1;
		ran_l.y = ran2;
		vec.push_back(ran_l);
	}
}

void move()
{
    
    
	switch (ret)
	{
    
    
	case 1: // up
		if (p[loc1.x - 1][loc1.y] == 'O' || p[loc1.x - 1][loc1.y] == '*')
			state = 1; // indicate the end of the game
		else
		{
    
    
			if (p[loc1.x - 1][loc1.y] == '#')
			{
    
    
				score++;
				snake.push_front(loc1);
			}
			else
			{
    
    
				p[snake.back().x][snake.back().y] = ' '; // delete the end of the tail
				snake.pop_back();
				snake.push_front(loc1); // former head -> front of the tail
			}
		}
		--loc1.x;
		break;
	case 2: // down
		if (p[loc1.x + 1][loc1.y] == 'O' || p[loc1.x + 1][loc1.y] == '*')
			state = 1; // indicate the end of the game
		else
		{
    
    
			if (p[loc1.x + 1][loc1.y] == '#')
			{
    
    
				score++;
				snake.push_front(loc1);
			}
			else
			{
    
    
				p[snake.back().x][snake.back().y] = ' '; // delete the end of the tail
				snake.pop_back();
				snake.push_front(loc1); // former head -> front of the tail
			}
		}
		++loc1.x;
		break;
	case 3: // left
		if (p[loc1.x][loc1.y - 1] == 'O' || p[loc1.x][loc1.y - 1] == '*')
			state = 1; // indicate the end of the game
		else
		{
    
    
			if (p[loc1.x][loc1.y - 1] == '#')
			{
    
    
				score++;
				snake.push_front(loc1);
			}
			else
			{
    
    
				p[snake.back().x][snake.back().y] = ' '; // delete the end of the tail
				snake.pop_back();
				snake.push_front(loc1); // former head -> front of the tail
			}
		}
		--loc1.y;
		break;
	case 4: // right
		if (p[loc1.x][loc1.y + 1] == 'O' || p[loc1.x][loc1.y + 1] == '*')
			state = 1; // indicate the end of the game
		else
		{
    
    
			if (p[loc1.x][loc1.y + 1] == '#')
			{
    
    
				score++;
				snake.push_front(loc1);
			}
			else
			{
    
    
				p[snake.back().x][snake.back().y] = ' '; // delete the end of the tail
				snake.pop_back();
				snake.push_front(loc1); // former head -> front of the tail
			}
		}
		++loc1.y;
		break;
	default: //others
		break;
	}
	for (auto c : snake)
		p[c.x][c.y] = 'O'; // print the tail
	p[loc1.x][loc1.y] = '@'; // print the head
}

int main()
{
    
    
	HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cci;
	GetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cci);
	cci.bVisible = FALSE;
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(hOut, &cci);
	// The five lines above are used to hide the Console Cursor.
	char c1 = '\0', c2 = '\0';
	int time_set;
	std::cout << "This is a simple snake game.\nProgrammer:Teddy van Jerry" << endl;
	Sleep(300);
	std::cout << "\nNow Loading";
	for (int i = 0; i != 6; i++)
	{
    
    
		Sleep(200);
		std::cout << ".";
	}
	Sleep(500); // stop for a while
	std::cout << "\n\nYou can move the snake using ↑,↓,←,→." << endl;
	std::cout << "\nYou can choose the speed the snake moves.\nVery slow(1) Slow(2) Medium(3) Fast(4) Very Fast(5) Very Very Fast(6)" << endl;
	char choice;
	choice = _getch();
	switch (choice) // set the speed
	{
    
    
	case '1':
		time_set = 1000;
		break;
	case '2':
		time_set = 700;
		break;
	case '3':
		time_set = 500;
		break;
	case '4':
		time_set = 350;
		break;
	case '5':
		time_set = 250;
		break;
	case '6':
		time_set = 150;
		break;
	default:
		time_set = 500;
		break;
	}
	p_def(); // define p
	cout << "\nNow get ready!\n" << endl;
	Sleep(3500);
	ran();
	while (state == 0)
	{
    
    
		unsigned long clock_p = clock();
		print();
		std::cout << "\nYour current score is " << score << " .\n" << endl;
		do
		{
    
    
			if (_kbhit()) // test if there is a click on the button
				input(c1, c2);
		} while (clock() - clock_p < time_set);
		move();
		if (p[(vec[cnt]).x][(vec[cnt]).y] == ' ')
			p[(vec[cnt]).x][(vec[cnt]).y] = '#'; // generate food for the snake to eat
		cnt++;
	}
	std::cout << "\nThe game is over.\nYour final score is " << score << " !" << endl;
	std::cout << "\nALL RIGHTS RESERVED (c) 2020 Teddy van Jerry" << endl;
	char anything;
	cin >> anything;
	return 0;
}

// ALL RIGHTS RESERVED (c) 2020 Teddy van Jerry

输出示例

Output
(有些缺憾的是程序会有些闪,这个没办法)

分析

  • 一开始写完问题多多,花了好久找bug。
    F1
    然后又这样(怎么全是头而且身体被砍断?)F2
    进而有这样(看着挺对,实际上身子动不了了)
    F3
  • 可以看一下处理时间的函数,是在库ctime里的time()函数,单位是毫秒,输出实际为long。
  • Sleep()是库Windows.h里的函数,就是暂停这么多毫秒。
  • 192-196行为取消光标的代码,网上找到的。
  • 248行_kbhit()为判断是否键盘有输入而不输入。此处用_getch()是没有用的(这两个函数均在库conio.h里),我试过,这是之前那么多错误的原因之一。原来不加判断时程序会卡在输入,如果不输入是不会动的。
  • 关于方向键的输入,详见我的博客 【C++ 程序】 移动迷宫游戏中的应用及分析。
  • 蛇尾巴的存储是在deque里的,好处是两端可操作,输出方便。具体用法可在 CSDN 上搜索。
  • 258-259行本无意义,目的在于单独使用 exe 文件时有时结束游戏时会直接退出不显示最后结果。加上这句无用的话即可解决。详见我的博客 关于 C++中 程序在其他设备上运行 的思考
  • 自定义随机位置函数ran()详见我的博客 【C++ 程序】 随机数
  • 定义函数详见我的博客 关于 C++中 定义函数造成影响 的思考

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2020 Teddy van Jerry
欢迎转载,转载请注明出处。


See also

Teddy van Jerry 的导航页
【C++ 程序】 五子棋游戏(人 VS 人)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv1电脑)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv2电脑)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)(战绩统计版)
【C++ 程序】 移动迷宫游戏
【C++ 程序】 随机数
【C++ 程序】 数字推盘游戏(15-puzzle)
【C++ 程序】 2048游戏
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS 人)(EasyX 图形界面)
【C++ 程序】 井字棋游戏(人 VS Lv3电脑)(战绩统计版)(EasyX 图形界面)

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_50012998/article/details/108423053