0. 软件版本及运行环境：
MySQL5.7.19(64位) + CentOS7/Ubuntu16
1、删除系统旧rpm包
Centos
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1*
[root@localhost ~]# whereis mysql
mysql:
Ubuntu
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_6.6
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e –allmatches mysql-5.0.77-4.el5_6.6
2、官网下载二进制包
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /tools
[root@localhost tools]# cd /tools
[root@localhost tools]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3、创建mysql 运行帐号
[root@localhost tools]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost tools]# useradd -g mysql -d /usr/local/mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
[root@localhost tools]# id mysql
uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)
[root@localhost tools]#
4、软件安装
[root@localhost tools]# mkdir /opt/mysql
[root@localhost tools]# cd /opt/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# tar zxvf /tools/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/
5、运行环境配置
配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data
log_error=/data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log
expire_logs_days = 30
log_bin=/data/mysql/mysql3306/binlog/binlog.log
relay_log=/data/mysql/mysql3306/binlog/relay.log
server_id=1
[root@localhost local]# mkdir /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,logs,tmp,binlog} -p
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
6、初始化
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize
**参数释义：**
--initialize会生成一个随机密码(error.log)；--initialize-insecure不会生成密码
--datadir目录下不能有数据文件
[root@localhost mysql]# find / -name mysql_install_db
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/error.log |grep password
7、数据库实例启动
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql status # 检查数据库运行状态
8、设置mysql 登录密码
去掉my.cnf中–skip-grant-tables前的注释，重启数据库服务(如果能知道第6步生成的密码就不需这样折腾)
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
进入数据库，尝试使用alter user修改密码
root@localhost [(none)]> alter user root@localhost identified by ‘Mysql@@)@)’; #@)@) 是 shift 加2020
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement
root@localhost [(none)]> use mysql;
root@localhost [mysql]> update user set authentication_string=password(‘Mysql@@)@)’) where User=‘root’;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
退出，注释my.cnf中–skip-grant-tables，重启数据库服务，再重新进入
root@localhost [mysql]> exit
[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 键入新密码
root@localhost [(none)]> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
出现这个错误的原因是user表中的password_expired字段取值为Y，密码过期需修改
root@localhost [(none)]> alter user ‘root’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘Mysql@@)@)’;
root@localhost [(none)]> exit
9、配置mysql全局运行环境
[root@localhost mysql]# echo “export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin” >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql]# echo $PATH
[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 键入正确密码
10、关闭mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
- 问题积累
11.1 ./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
centos
root@bigdata-159:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld -- defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
解决方法：
[[email protected] data]# yum install -y libaio
欢迎留言指正！