Java接口自动化测试系列[V1.0.0][GETPOST]

HttpClient隶属于Apache的HttpComponents项目，它提供了更加丰富且高效的HTTP访问方式，具备几个特色纯Java实现、支持HTTPS、支持通过CONNECT方法建立管道链接、支持Basic、Digest和NTLM等鉴权方式，开源等等

配置Maven

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
      <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
      <version>4.5.12</version>
    </dependency>

GET方法测试代码

GET方法可用于获取指定资源，，GET方法的URL中可以携带参数

package org.davieyang.httpinterfacetest;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;


public class TestGetInterface {
    /**
     * 发送GET请求
     * @param args: 入口参数
     */
    public static void main(String[] args){
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 通过调用HttpClients的静态方法构建一个HTTP客户端
        HttpGet httpGet1 = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/mobilePhone?model=iPhone+6S");
        // GET请求通过实例化HttpGet类来实现，其他HTTP请求也有相应的类，即HttpDelete/HttpHead/HttpOptions/HttpPatch/HttpPost/HttpPut
        // HttpTrace
        // 使用String的方式构建Get请求，语法简洁，但结构不清晰
        URI uri = null;
        try{
           uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost").setPort(8080).setPath("/mobilePhone")
                   .setParameter("model", "iPhone 6S").build();
        } catch (URISyntaxException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 使用URI构建，结构清晰，但过程复杂，且构建过程可能造成URI语法异常
        // 当遇到空格的时候，第一种方式需要手动将空格替换为+号，第二种方式会自动编码
        HttpGet httpGet2 = new HttpGet(uri);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = client.execute(httpGet1);
            System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
            response = client.execute(httpGet2);
            System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 通过HTTP客户端执行请求得到服务器响应，并将结果打印到控制台
    }
}

POST方法测试代码

POST方法用于创建或修改指定资源，例如表单提交文件上传等，该方法既可以在URL中携带参数，也可以在请求体中携带参数

package org.davieyang.httpinterfacetest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class TestPostInterface {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 构建并发送RESTful POST请求
        HttpPost restPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/mobilePhone");
        // 使用StringEntity设置请求体和Content-Type
        StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(
                "{\"brand\":\"Motorola\", \"model\":\"motoZPlay\", \"os\":\"ANDROID\"}", ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        restPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try{
            response = client.execute(restPost);
            System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 构建和发送SOAP请求
        HttpPost soapPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/MobilePhones");
        // 使用String方式构建请求
        String soapString = "<soapenv:Envelope "
                + "xmlns:soapenv=\"http://achemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\""
                + "xmlns:hi=\" http://www.davieyang.com\">\r\n"
            + "<soapenv:Header/>\r\n"
            + "<soapenv:Body>\r\n"
            + "<hi:getMobilePhoneRequest>\r\n"
            + "<hi:model>iPhone 6S</hi:model>\r\n"
            + "</hi:getMobilePhoneRequest>\r\n"
            + "</soapenv:Body>\r\n"
            + "</soapenv:Envelope>";
        // 使用StringEntity设置请求体和Content-Type
        stringEntity = new StringEntity(soapString, ContentType.TEXT_XML);
        soapPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
        response = null;
        try{
            response = client.execute(soapPost);
            System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}