django3.0关于models官方文档地址:
1.https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/db/models/
2.https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/models/fields/#django.db.models.ForeignKey
on_delete属性针对外键ForeignKey
一、django3.0官方文档介绍:
Many-to-one relationships多对一关系
To define a many-to-one relationship, use django.db.models.ForeignKey. You use it just like any other Field type: by including it as a class attribute of your model.
ForeignKey requires a positional argument: the class to which the model is related.
For example, if a Car model has a Manufacturer – that is, a Manufacturer makes multiple cars but each Car only has one Manufacturer – use the following definitions:
from django.db import models
class Manufacturer(models.Model):
# ...
pass
class Car(models.Model):
manufacturer = models.ForeignKey(Manufacturer, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
# ...
You can also create recursive relationships (an object with a many-to-one relationship to itself) and relationships to models not yet defined; see the model field reference for details.
It’s suggested, but not required, that the name of a ForeignKey field (manufacturer in the example above) be the name of the model, lowercase. You can, of course, call the field whatever you want.
二、on_delete外键删除方式
- CASCADE:级联删除。当Manufacturer对象删除时,它对应的Car对象也会删除。
- PROTECT:保护模式,采用该选项,删除时会抛出ProtectedError错误。
- SET_NULL:置空模式,删除的时候,外键字段被设置为空,前提就是blank=True, null=True,定义该字段的时候,允许为空。当Manufacturer对象删除时,它对应的Car对象的manufacturer字段会置空,前提是null=True
- SET_DEFAULT:置默认值,删除的时候,外键字段设置为默认值,所以定义外键的时候注意加上一个默认值。
- SET():自定义一个值,该值当然只能是对应的实体了