近段时间以来对手上两个维护的数据库做备份监控，分别发现两个告警，现在分别作个说明。
通过查询：SELECT STATUS,OPERATION,TO_CHAR(END_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),COMMAND_ID FROM V$RMAN_STATUS ORDER BY 4 DESC;
| STATUS | OPERATION | TO_CHAR(END_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DDHH | COMMAND_ID |
| COMPLETED | DELETE | 2011-10-31 11:46:25 | 2011-10-31T11:45:07 |
| COMPLETED | RMAN | 2011-10-31 16:24:10 | 2011-10-31T11:45:07 |
| COMPLETED WITH WARNINGS | DELETE | 2011-10-31 12:10:56 | 2011-10-31T11:45:07 |
| COMPLETED | DELETE | 2011-10-31 12:12:18 | 2011-10-31T11:45:07 |
| FAILED | DELETE | 2011-10-31 12:33:00 | 2011-10-31T11:45:07 |
| COMPLETED | DELETE | 2011-10-31 12:13:03 | 2011-10-31T11:45:07 |
发现有一个状态是有告警的，进一步分析备份日志发现：
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:
Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set 6446 26-AUG-11
Backup Piece 6446 26-AUG-11 /dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1
Backup Set 6824 29-SEP-11
Backup Piece 6824 29-SEP-11 /dbbak/databak/c-730968613-20110929-00
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/c-730968613-20110929-00 recid=6824 stamp=763088853
Deleted 1 objects
RMAN-06207: WARNING: 1 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
RMAN-06208: to mismatched status. Use CROSSCHECK command to fix status
RMAN-06210: List of Mismatched objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212: Object Type Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece /dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1
/dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1 文件是先前备份目录下的备份文件，上次换目录时，手工删除了，因此报这个错误，但是只抱这个错误不足为怪，问题时我 crosscheck backupset;时根本就不对这个文件校验，
RMAN> crosscheck backupset;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=382 instance=tjdb1 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=1648 instance=tjdb1 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: sid=377 instance=tjdb1 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: sid=392 instance=tjdb1 devtype=DISK
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/1rmqe9j0_1_1 recid=7176 stamp=765929062
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/1qmqe9iv_1_1 recid=7177 stamp=765929059
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/1pmqe9iu_1_1 recid=7178 stamp=765929062
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/1omqe9iu_1_1 recid=7179 stamp=765929058
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/20mqeklv_1_1 recid=7181 stamp=765940421
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/1vmqeklv_1_1 recid=7182 stamp=765940420
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/21mqelmp_1_1 recid=7183 stamp=765941467
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/1tmqeklv_1_1 recid=7184 stamp=765940416
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/1umqeklv_1_1 recid=7185 stamp=765940419
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/databak/c-730968613-20111031-01 recid=7186 stamp=765941821
Crosschecked 10 objects
delete expired backupset;时自然也就不去在控制文件里删除这个文件了，
RMAN> delete expired backupset;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
执行 delete obsolete;时还是报RMAN-06207的错误。
RMAN> delete obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:
Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set 6446 26-AUG-11
Backup Piece 6446 26-AUG-11 /dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
RMAN-06207: WARNING: 1 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
RMAN-06208: to mismatched status. Use CROSSCHECK command to fix status
RMAN-06210: List of Mismatched objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212: Object Type Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece /dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1
莫非需要指定备份集进行校验吗？试试看：
RMAN> crosscheck backupset 6446;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1 recid=6446 stamp=760150291
Crosschecked 1 objects
这次校验能校验上了，看来还需要指定备份集进行校验啊，再来删除：
RMAN> delete obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
Deleting the following obsolete backups and copies:
Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set 6446 26-AUG-11
Backup Piece 6446 26-AUG-11 /dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/dbbak/b1mktu8g_1_1 recid=6446 stamp=760150291
Deleted 1 objects
删除成功，问题解决！
或者通过下面的方式校验也能删除：
RMAN> change backupset 6446 crosscheck ;
后来官方文档发现，其实还有一种解决办法：
RMAN> delete force backupset 6446; ------强制删除。
因为文件已经删掉了，没法验证，下次如在其他地方碰到再验证一下：）
实例
SQL>SELECT STATUS,OPERATION,TO_CHAR(END_TIME,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'),COMMAND_ID FROM V$RMAN_STATUS ORDER BY 4 DESC;
| COMPLETED |
DELETE | 2013-2-18 0:33 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| FAILED | BACKUP | 2013-2-18 0:33 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED | BACKUP | 2013-2-18 0:33 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED | CONTROL FILE AUTOBACKUP | 2013-2-18 0:32 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED | BACKUP | 2013-2-18 0:33 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED | DELETE | 2013-2-18 0:34 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED | BACKUP | 2013-2-18 0:33 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED WITH ERRORS | RMAN | 2013-2-18 0:34 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED | LIST | 2013-2-18 0:34 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
| COMPLETED | REPORT | 2013-2-18 0:33 | 2013-02-18T00:30:02 |
查询备份日志
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 02/18/2013 00:33:49
RMAN-06062: can not backup SPFILE because the instance was not started with SPFILE
查询启动方式
SQL>select decode(count(*),1,'spfile','pfile') from v$spparameter where rownum=1 and isspecified = 'TRUE';
DECODE
------
pfile
果然是pfile 重新启动数据库，会自动切换的spfile了（也可以设置spfile启动）
查询数据库用使用的参数文件类型：
SQL>show parameter spfile
两个参数文件相互转换
。如果在\database(windows)、/dbs(Unix)目录中，同时存在spfileSID.ora及initSID.ora，则spfileSID.ora优先使用
。转换方法：
SQL>create spfile from pfile;
SQL>create pfile from spfile;
修改完成后
| COMPLETED | RMAN | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | BACKUP | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | LIST | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | DELETE | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | CONTROL FILE AND SPFILE AUTOBACK | 2013-2-18 11:34 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | BACKUP | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | REPORT | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | DELETE | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | CONTROL FILE AND SPFILE AUTOBACK | 2013-2-18 11:35 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |
| COMPLETED | BACKUP | 2013-2-18 11:34 | 2013-02-18T11:32:08 |