C语言完成贪吃蛇游戏设计

C语言实现贪吃蛇

实验平台:DEV C++

 /********************************************************************************
*File name:SnakeGame3.0.c                                                       
*Description:贪吃蛇游戏源代码(C语言),采用
*宽度优先算法,计算蛇到食物的最短路径(时间复杂度n^3空间复杂度n^2),这个算法遇 *
*到自身围困情况将失效,无法计算出最短路径                                       *
*********************************************************************************/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<time.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>

#define SIZE 25 //定义地图大小
#define MAX_LENGTH 19 * 19 //定义蛇的最大长度

typedef struct point //地图上的点的节点
{
	int r;
	int c;
} point;
typedef struct queue //迭代搜索最短路径用到的队列
{
	point * body[5 * SIZE]; //保存蛇的身体的数组(栈的深度最大为5 * SIZE)
	int num; //记录队列中节点数
	int first_in_pos; //第一个进入队列的元素的索引值
} queue;
HANDLE stdOutput; //声明windows标准输出句柄

void init(int * length, point * foodAt, int * dir, point body[], char map[][SIZE]); //初始化
int getDir(int dir); //获取蛇的行进方向
int getAIDir(int dir, int length, point body[], point foodAt); //获取AI判断得出的行进方向
int moveable(point moveTo, int length, point body[]);
int move(point foodAt, int dir, int length, point body[]); //蛇的运动
void draw(int length, point foodAt, point body[], char map[][SIZE]); //画图
void food(point * foodAt, point body[], int length, char map[][SIZE]); //生成食物

//栈相关的操作
point * pop(queue *queue); //从列队取出最先进入的点,返回取出点的指针,取出失败返回NULL
void push(point *point, queue *queue); //推入列队中

int main()
{
	char map[SIZE][SIZE]; //定义地图
	point body[MAX_LENGTH], foodAt; //整个蛇身体和食物的所在点(body数组的第一个值为蛇头)
	int length; //蛇的实际长度
	int dir; //行进方向
	int rate = 1; //行进速率
	int result; //保存蛇运动的结果:【死亡】、【得分】、【无】
	init(&length, &foodAt, &dir, body, map); //初始化

	while (1)
	{
		Sleep(100 / rate);
		//dir = getDir(dir); //获取蛇的行进方向
		dir = getAIDir(dir, length, body, foodAt); //获取AI判断得出的行进方向
		result = move(foodAt, dir, length, body); //蛇的运动
		if (result == 1) //如果吃到食物
		{
			length++;
			rate = length / 3;
			if (length == MAX_LENGTH)
			{
				printf("您已通关!");
				break;
			}
			food(&foodAt, body, length, map); //生成食物
		}
		draw(length, foodAt, body, map); //画图
		if (result == -1) //如果死亡
		{
			break;
		}

	}
	Sleep(500); 
	printf("  失败,此次得分为%d                          ", (length - 3) * 100);
	system("pause");
}
void init(int * length, point * foodAt, int * dir, point body[], char map[][SIZE]) //初始化
{
	memset(map, '*', SIZE * SIZE); //初始化地图
	body[0].r = 3, body[0].c = 2; //初始化蛇的身体
	body[1].r = 2, body[1].c = 2;
	body[2].r = 1, body[2].c = 2;
	*length = 3; //初始长度为3
	*dir = 2; //初始方向向下
	food(foodAt, body, *length, map); //生成食物
	draw(*length, *foodAt, body, map); //画图
	printf(" 按下任意键开始,用ASDW控制方向,ESC暂停\n");
	_getch();
	srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); //生成随机数种子,备用
	stdOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); //获取标准输出句柄
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cci;
	cci.bVisible = 0;
	cci.dwSize = 1;
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(stdOutput, &cci);
	COORD coord = { 0, SIZE * 2 + 3 };
}
int getDir(int dir) //获取蛇的行进方向,规定返回值0代表向上,1代表向右,2代表向下,3代表向左
{
	char key;
	int newDir = dir;
	if (_kbhit())
	{
		key = _getch();
		switch (key)
		{
		case 'A': case 'a': newDir = 3; break;
		case 'S': case 's': newDir = 2; break;
		case 'D': case 'd': newDir = 1; break;
		case 'W': case 'w': newDir = 0; break;
		case 27: _getch(); break;
		}
	}
	if (newDir - dir == 2 || newDir - dir == -2) //蛇不能反向
	{
		newDir = dir;
	}
	return newDir;
}
int getAIDir(int dir, int length, point body[], point foodAt) //获取AI判断得出的行进方向
{
	static int *shortestPathDir, count = 0; //保存最短路径的方向(方向的先后顺序为倒序,即排在后面的方向先走)

	if (count == 0) //如果最短路径还没生成,那么重新生成
	{
		int map_of_steps[SIZE][SIZE]; //保存到达地图上某一点的最小步数
		queue queue = { 0,0 };
		point *last_body = (point *)malloc(length * sizeof(point)); //保存计算过程中上次蛇的身体位置
		point *next_body; //保存下一次蛇的身体
		point next_point;
		int i, step = 0;
		point moveTo;
		memcpy(last_body, body, length * sizeof(point));
		memset(map_of_steps, 0, SIZE * SIZE * sizeof(int));

		//向队列中放入初始body
		push(last_body, &queue);
		push(NULL, &queue); //插入NULL来标识宽度优先搜索的某一层的结束
		step++; //用step来表示步数,也代表层数

		while (queue.num != 0)
		{
			last_body = pop(&queue);
			if (last_body == NULL) //如果某一层结束
			{
				if (queue.num != 0) //如果还有下一层的元素
				{
					step++;
					push(NULL, &queue); //插入下一层的结束标志
					continue;
				}
				else
				{
					break;
				}

			}
			for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) //分别检测四个方向能否移动
			{
				switch (i)
				{
				case 0: moveTo.r = last_body[0].r - 1, moveTo.c = last_body[0].c; break;
				case 1: moveTo.r = last_body[0].r, moveTo.c = last_body[0].c + 1; break;
				case 2: moveTo.r = last_body[0].r + 1, moveTo.c = last_body[0].c; break;
				case 3: moveTo.r = last_body[0].r, moveTo.c = last_body[0].c - 1; break;
				}
				if (moveable(moveTo, length, last_body) && map_of_steps[moveTo.r][moveTo.c] == 0) //如果移向的点之前没有移到过
																								  //(即当前路径是到该点的最短路径),而且该点是moveable的
				{
					map_of_steps[moveTo.r][moveTo.c] = step;
					if (moveTo.r == foodAt.r && moveTo.c == foodAt.c) //如果下一步就可以到达食物所在点
					{
						//先free一些没用的动态内存
						free(last_body);
						while (queue.num != 0)
						{
							free(pop(&queue));
						}
						goto outer; //跳出循环
					}
					//生成next_body并将其推入队列
					next_body = (point *)malloc(length * sizeof(point));
					for (i = length - 1; i > 0; i--) //移动蛇的位置
					{
						next_body[i] = body[i - 1];
					}
					next_body[0] = moveTo; //换一个头

					push(next_body, &queue);//推入队列

				}
			}
			//free一些没用的动态内存
			free(last_body);
		}
	outer:;
		if (map_of_steps[foodAt.r][foodAt.c] == 0) //如果无法到达食物所在点,那么按原路走,直到死亡
		{
			return dir;
		}
		//生成shortestPath
		shortestPathDir = (int *)malloc(step * sizeof(int));
		count = step;
		next_point = foodAt;
		for (i = 0; i < step - 1; i++) //利用map_of_steps和下一个点推知到上一个点到下一个点的方向dir
		{
			if (next_point.r + 1 < SIZE && map_of_steps[next_point.r][next_point.c] ==
				map_of_steps[next_point.r + 1][next_point.c] + 1)
			{
				shortestPathDir[i] = 0;
				next_point.r += 1;
			}
			else if (next_point.c - 1 >= 0 && map_of_steps[next_point.r][next_point.c] ==
				map_of_steps[next_point.r][next_point.c - 1] + 1)
			{
				shortestPathDir[i] = 1;
				next_point.c -= 1;
			}
			else if (next_point.r - 1 >= 0 && map_of_steps[next_point.r][next_point.c] ==
				map_of_steps[next_point.r - 1][next_point.c] + 1)
			{
				shortestPathDir[i] = 2;
				next_point.r -= 1;
			}
			else
			{
				shortestPathDir[i] = 3;
				next_point.c += 1;
			}
		}
		//第一步要单独判断(因为map_of_steps的值为0的点可能是蛇头,也可能是蛇身,这样会对蛇第一步方向判断产生干扰)
		if (body[0].r > next_point.r)
		{
			shortestPathDir[step - 1] = 0;
		}
		else if (body[0].r < next_point.r)
		{
			shortestPathDir[step - 1] = 2;
		}
		else if (body[0].c > next_point.c)
		{
			shortestPathDir[step - 1] = 3;
		}
		else
		{
			shortestPathDir[step - 1] = 1;
		}
		/*printf("\n\n\n");
		int j;
		for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
			{
				printf("%3d", map_of_steps[i][j]);
			}
			printf("\n");
		}
			printf("\n");*/
	}
	//沿着最短路径走
	return shortestPathDir[--count];
}
int moveable(point moveTo, int length, point body[]) //判断是否可以移动到moveTo点,能1,不能0
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++)
	{
		if (moveTo.r == body[i].r && moveTo.c == body[i].c)
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}
	if (moveTo.r < 0 || moveTo.r >= SIZE || moveTo.c < 0 || moveTo.c >= SIZE) //如果超出边界
	{
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}
int move(point foodAt, int dir, int length, point body[]) //蛇的运动,规定返回值-1代表死亡,0代表没有吃到食物,1代表吃到食物
{
	int i, flag = 0;
	point head = body[0];
	switch (dir)
	{
	case 0: head.r -= 1; break;
	case 1: head.c += 1; break;
	case 2: head.r += 1; break;
	case 3: head.c -= 1; break;
	}
	if (head.r < 0 || head.r >= SIZE || head.c < 0 || head.c >= SIZE) //出界了死亡
	{
		return -1;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++)
	{
		if (head.r == body[i].r && head.c == body[i].c) //咬到了自己死亡
		{
			return -1;
		}
	}
	if (head.r == foodAt.r && head.c == foodAt.c) //吃到了食物
	{
		length++;
		flag = 1; //标记一下,便与等下返回值为1
	}
	for (i = length - 1; i > 0; i--) //移动蛇的位置
	{
		body[i] = body[i - 1];
	}
	body[0] = head; //换一个头
	if (flag == 1)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}
void draw(int length, point foodAt, point body[], char map[][SIZE]) //画图
{

	static char bitmap[SIZE + 2][SIZE + 2]; //定义一个数组,用于把地图背景、边界、蛇、食物都画上去
	int i, j;
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) //背景
	{
		for (j = 0; j < SIZE; j++)
		{
			bitmap[i + 1][j + 1] = map[i][j];
		}
	}
	//边框
	bitmap[0][0] = '0', bitmap[0][SIZE + 1] = '1';
	bitmap[SIZE + 1][0] = '2', bitmap[SIZE + 1][SIZE + 1] = '3';
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)
	{
		bitmap[0][i + 1] = '4', bitmap[SIZE + 1][i + 1] = '4';
		bitmap[i + 1][0] = '5', bitmap[i + 1][SIZE + 1] = '5';
	}
	bitmap[foodAt.r + 1][foodAt.c + 1] = 'f'; //食物
	bitmap[body[0].r + 1][body[0].c + 1] = 'h'; //蛇头
	for (i = 1; i < length; i++) //蛇身
	{
		bitmap[body[i].r + 1][body[i].c + 1] = 'b';
	}

	COORD coord = { 0, 0 }; //座标0,0
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(stdOutput, coord); //把光标设置到0,0位置
	for (i = 0; i < SIZE + 2; i++)
	{
		for (j = 0; j < SIZE + 2; j++)
		{
			switch (bitmap[i][j])
			{
			case 'f': printf("★"); break;
			case 'b': printf("●"); break;
			case 'h': printf("○"); break;
			case '0': printf("┏"); break;
			case '1': printf("━┓"); break;
			case '2': printf("┗"); break;
			case '3': printf("━┛"); break;
			case '4': printf(" ━"); break;
			case '5': printf("┃ "); break;
			default: printf("  ");
			}
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
}
void food(point * foodAt, point body[], int length, char map[][SIZE]) //生成食物
{
	int i;
	while (1)
	{
		foodAt->r = rand() % SIZE, foodAt->c = rand() % SIZE; //随机生成食物位置
		for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
		{
			if (foodAt->r == body[i].r && foodAt->c == body[i].c) //如果该位置在蛇的身体上
			{
				goto retry;
			}
		}
		break;
	retry:;
	}
}

//队列相关的函数
point * pop(queue *queue) //从队列中取出,返回取出点的指针
{
	queue->num--;
	if (queue->first_in_pos == 5 * SIZE - 1) //返回第一进入队列的点,并将变量fist_in_pos改变
	{
		queue->first_in_pos = 0;
		return queue->body[5 * SIZE - 1];
	}
	else
	{
		return queue->body[queue->first_in_pos++];
	}
}
void push(point * body, queue *queue)
{
	if (queue->num == 0) //如果队列已空
	{
		queue->num++;
		queue->first_in_pos = 0; //将第一进入队列的位置设为0
		queue->body[queue->first_in_pos] = body;
	}
	else //否则插入队列
	{
		if (queue->first_in_pos + queue->num > 5 * SIZE - 1)
		{
			queue->body[queue->first_in_pos + queue->num++ - 5 * SIZE] = body;
		}
		else
		{
			queue->body[queue->first_in_pos + queue->num++] = body;
		}
	}
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/wang2395/article/details/107378895