Scrapy框架下载图片(站酷网下载图片)

Scrapy框架下载图片

下载图片

• Scrapy框架下载文件(包括图片有自己一套解决方案，比我们直接使用urlretriever更加有优势)
• 避免重新下载最近下载过的文件
• 可以方便的指定文件存储路径
• 可以将下载的图片转换成通过的格式。比如png或者jpg
• 可以方便的生成缩略图
• 可以方便的检测图片的宽和高，确保他们满足最小的限制
• 异步下载，效率非常高

---

下载图片的Images Pipeline

• 定义好一个Item，然后在这个item中定义两个属性，分别为image_urls以及images。image_urls是用来存储需要下载的文件的url链接，需要给一个列表
• 当文件下载完成后，会把文件下载的相关信息存储到item的images属性中，如下载路径、下载的url和图片验证嘛
• 在配置文件中settings.py中配置ITEM_PIPELNES，这个配置用来设置图片下载路径
• 启动pipeline:在ITEM_PIPELNES中设置：'scrapy.piplines.images.ImagesPipeline':1

站酷网图片下载

目标网址：https://www.zcool.com.cn/?p=1
爬虫文件zc.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from ..items import ZcoolItem


class ZcSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'zc'
    allowed_domains = ['zcool.com.cn']
    start_urls = ['https://www.zcool.com.cn/?p=1']

    rules = (
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'www\.zcool\.com\.cn/\?p=\d+'), follow=True),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'www\.zcool\.com\.cn/work/\w+=.html'), callback='parse_item'),
    )

    def parse_item(self, response):
        print(response.url)
        item = ZcoolItem()
        item['image_urls'] = response.xpath('//div[@class="work-show-box js-work-content"]/div/img/@src').getall()
        yield item

---

settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for zcool project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'zcool'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['zcool.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'zcool.spiders'

LOG_LEVEL = 'WARNING'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'zcool (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'zcool.middlewares.ZcoolSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#
# }

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'zcool.middlewares.ZcoolDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    # 'zcool.pipelines.ZcoolPipeline': 300,
    # 使用该scrapy异步下载，权重越小等级越高
    'scrapy.pipelines.images.ImagesPipeline': 1
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
import os
IMAGES_STORE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), 'image')

items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class ZcoolItem(scrapy.Item):
	# 必须定义的两个字段
    image_urls = scrapy.Field()
    image = scrapy.Field()
    pass

---

pipelines.py：保持默认
middlewares.py:保持默认