Centos下gcc的安装、gcc的更新、gcc安装过程中报错:make[1]: *** [stage1-bubble] 错误 2

最近的一个项目中需要用到gcc编译一些源码,但是由于服务器系统是Centos,和Ubuntu还是有些区别的,Centos管理库包的工具是yum,我使用yum安装gccyum install gcc-c++,然而安装的版本是4.8.5,当你更新的时候,更新完依旧是4.8.5,奔溃!但是,最新版本的gcc已经到10.1.0版本啦!

无奈,只能从源码开始安装

1 下载gcc的源码

1.1 源码下载地址:

点我——》带你去:https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/

1、下载gcc:我下载版本gcc-7.5.0(根据自己需要下载指定版本)

wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-7.5.0/gcc-7.5.0.tar.gz

注意:如果下载比较慢,你就直接在浏览器中下载

2、解压下载的源码压缩包

tar -zxf gcc-7.5.0.tar.gz

3、进入源码目录

cd gcc-7.5.0.tar.gz

1.2 下载gcc的依赖库包

主要依赖库包如下:

gmp ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
mpfr ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
mpc ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
isl ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2

下载gcc依赖
当然不一定是这几个版本,无需去查找,只要在进入源码目录中执行如下命令,就会自动下载这几个依赖:

./contrib/download_prerequisites

在这里插入图片描述
下载的四个依赖分别为:

  • gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
  • mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
  • mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
  • isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2

2、解压编译依赖

解压依赖文件命令:

  • tar jxvf gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
  • tar jxvf mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
  • tar zxvf mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
  • tar jxvf isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2

2.1 解压编译依赖gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2

tar jxvf gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
cd gmp-6.1.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gmp
make && make install

注意:
如果在执行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gmp报错:error: No usable m4 in $PATH or /usr/5bin (see config.log for reasons).,说明没有安装m4,使用yum install m4,然后再执行即可!

2.2 解压编译依赖mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2

tar jxvf mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
cd mpfr-3.1.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpfr
make && make install

如果在执行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpfr报错:configure: error: gmp.h can't be found, or is unusable.,是因为缺少lipgmp库,使用:yum install gmp-devel.x86_64安装即可

2.3 解压编译依赖mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz

tar zxvf mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
cd mpc-1.0.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpc
make && make install

如果在执行./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mpc报错:error: libmpfr not found or uses a different ABI (including static vs shared)..,是因为缺少lipgmp库,使用:yum install mpfr-devel.x86_64安装即可

2.4 解压编译依赖isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2

tar jxvf isl-0.16.1.tar.bz2
cd isl-0.16.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/isl
make && make install

2.5 添加依赖的环境变量

添加环境变量

vi ~/.bashrc
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/mpc/lib:/usr/local/gmp/lib:/usr/local/mpfr/lib/:/usr/local/isl/lib
source ~/.bashrc

需要重启系统,让环境变量生效!!!

3 编译gcc

cd gcc-7.5.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp/ --with-mpfr=/usr/local/mpfr/ --with-mpc=/usr/local/mpc/ --with-isl=/usr/local/isl  --with-system-zlib --disable-multilib
make && make install

如果执行make && make install编译报错,如下:

.....
ocal/isl/include  -o lto-compress.o -MT lto-compress.o -MMD -MP -MF ./.deps/lto-compress.TPo ../.././gcc/lto-compress.c
../.././gcc/lto-compress.c:34:18: 致命错误:zlib.h:没有那个文件或目录
 #include <zlib.h>
                  ^
编译中断。
make[3]: *** [lto-compress.o] 错误 1
make[3]: 离开目录“/HDD/tools/gcc-7.5.0/host-x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/gcc”
make[2]: *** [all-stage1-gcc] 错误 2
make[2]: 离开目录“/HDD/tools/gcc-7.5.0”
make[1]: *** [stage1-bubble] 错误 2
make[1]: 离开目录“/HDD/tools/gcc-7.5.0”
make: *** [all] 错误 2
(base) [root@localhost gcc-7.5.0]#

安装zlibyum install zlib-devel.x86_64

编译的过程比较久,大概编译了三个多小时,建议把:make && make install分开执行,通过多进程执行,如下:

make -j8
make install

编译完之后的结果:

.....
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
   /usr/local/gcc/lib/../lib64

If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
     during execution
   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
     during linking
   - use the `-Wl,-rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
   - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'

See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
make[4]: 对“install-data-am”无需做任何事。
make[4]: 离开目录“/HDD/tools/gcc-7.5.0/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libatomic”
make[3]: 离开目录“/HDD/tools/gcc-7.5.0/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libatomic”
make[2]: 离开目录“/HDD/tools/gcc-7.5.0/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libatomic”
make[1]: 离开目录“/HDD/tools/gcc-7.5.0(base) [root@localhost gcc-7.5.0]# gcc -v
使用内建 specs。
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
目标:x86_64-redhat-linux
配置为:../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
线程模型:posix
gcc 版本 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)
(base) [root@localhost gcc-7.5.0]#     

但是我们在:/usr/local/gcc/bin下可以看到已经生成可执行文件gcc,并且能够查到版本是:7.5.0
在这里插入图片描述

(base) [root@localhost bin]# which gcc
/usr/bin/gcc
(base) [root@localhost bin]# cd /usr/bin
(base) [root@localhost bin]# ./gcc -v
使用内建 specs。
COLLECT_GCC=./gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper
目标:x86_64-redhat-linux
配置为:../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux
线程模型:posix
gcc 版本 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC)
(base) [root@localhost bin]#

系统自带的gcc版本的可执行文件为:/usr/bin/gcc,我把这个可执行文件gcc备份成gcc_4.8.5

mv gcc gcc_4.8.5

然后把我自己安装的:gcc-7.5.0 可执行文件链接到该目录下:

ln -s /usr/local/gcc/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc

然后测试成功:

(base) [root@localhost ~]# gcc -v
使用内建 specs。
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/gcc/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/7.5.0/lto-wrapper
目标:x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
配置为:./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --with-gmp=/usr/local/gmp/ --with-mpfr=/usr/local/mpfr/ --with-mpc=/usr/local/mpc/ --with-isl=/usr/local/isl --with-system-zlib --disable-multilib
线程模型:posix
gcc 版本 7.5.0 (GCC)
(base) [root@localhost ~]#

同样,如果你需要使g++,一样建立软连接配置

参考1:https://my.oschina.net/u/4393384/blog/3807031/print
参考2:https://blog.csdn.net/zr1076311296/article/details/51334538
参考3:https://bbs.huaweicloud.com/forum/thread-19219-1-1.html
参考4:https://www.cnblogs.com/devilmaycry812839668/p/10351763.html # 查看安装几个gcc
参考5:https://my.oschina.net/u/2306127/blog/538139 # 版本切换,我测试并并不可以,我的文件好像有些没有

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