could not open directory /lib/modules/4.13.0-43-generic: No such file or directory

今天在更新ubuntu的时候，出现了下面的问题：

➜  ~ sudo apt-get upgrade   
sudo: unable to resolve host eric-ms-7a54
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  linux-generic linux-generic-hwe-16.04 linux-headers-generic
  linux-headers-generic-hwe-16.04 linux-image-generic
  linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux-firmware
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/50.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 131 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 401730 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../linux-firmware_1.157.23_all.deb ...
Unpacking linux-firmware (1.157.23) over (1.157.22) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-firmware_1.157.23_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/lib/firmware/qat_895xcc.bin', which is also in package firmware-misc-nonfree 20161130-5~deb8u1
dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe)
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-99-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-96-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-43-generic
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/4.13.0-43-generic
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/4.13.0-43-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_PU3zI4/lib/modules/4.13.0-43-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_PU3zI4/lib/modules/4.13.0-43-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.13.0-37-generic
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/4.13.0-37-generic
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/4.13.0-37-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_9PnV1r/lib/modules/4.13.0-37-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_9PnV1r/lib/modules/4.13.0-37-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-178-generic
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-firmware_1.157.23_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

解决方法

sudo rm /var/lib/initramfs-tools/4.13.0-37-generic
sudo rm /var/lib/initramfs-tools/4.13.0-43-generic
sudo dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/linux-firmware_1.157.23_all.deb
sudo apt-get -f install

核心思想就是把报错的generic删除，然后强制overwrite就行了

参考文献

[1].update-initramfs missing /lib/modules/4.4.0-13-generic. https://askubuntu.com/questions/809947/update-initramfs-missing-lib-modules-4-4-0-13-generic

[2]. ”dpkg: 处理归档 /var/cache/apt/archives/XXXXXX(--unpack)时出错“的解决方法. https://www.cnblogs.com/darklights/p/10542482.html