虚拟局域网VLAN技术及其VLAN实验拓扑配置

1. VLAN技术

  • 通过逻辑手段重新分配物理资源的虚拟化技术。
  • 无需考虑这些设备是否连接同一台交换机上。
  • 通过逻辑的方式,将某些特定的设备组成一个广播域。

2. VLAN特点

  • 每台终端都属于一个VLAN
  • 属于同一个VLAN的设备之间可以通过二层直接通信
  • 属于不同VLAN设备之间则只能通过IP路由功能才能实现通信。

3. VLAN原理

  • VLAN技术通过给数据帧插入不同的VLAN标签
  • 交换机通过VLAN标签分辨出各个数据帧所属的VLAN

4. VLAN应用下交换机端口的类型

  • Access:连接的链路称为access链路。(通常用于连接终端设备)、(只能传输一个VLAN数据)
  • Trunk:连接的链路称为trunk链路。(通常用于连接交换机设备之间)、(允许传输多个VLAN数据)
  • Hybrid:可以用于交换机链路连接,也可以用于交换机与终端链路的连接。(能接收和发送多个VLAN数据)

5. VLAN实验

5.1 实验拓扑图

5.2 实现PC1、PC2之间的互访

5.2.1 PC1、PC2配置

5.2.2 SW1配置

  (1)修改名称

<Huawei>system
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname SW1
[SW1]

 例1:查看端口类型

[SW1]display port vlan active
T=TAG U=UNTAG
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port                Link Type    PVID    VLAN List
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eth0/0/1            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/2            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/3            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/4            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/5            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/6            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/7            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/8            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/9            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/10           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/11           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/12           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/13           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/14           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/15           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/16           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/17           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/18           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/19           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/20           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/21           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/22           hybrid       1       U: 1
GE0/0/1             hybrid       1       U: 1
GE0/0/2             hybrid       1       U: 1

 例2:查看VLAN

[SW1]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/2(U)     Eth0/0/3(U)     Eth0/0/4(U)     
                Eth0/0/5(D)     Eth0/0/6(D)     Eth0/0/7(D)     Eth0/0/8(D)     
                Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    Eth0/0/11(D)    Eth0/0/12(D)    
                Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    Eth0/0/15(D)    Eth0/0/16(D)    
                Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    Eth0/0/19(D)    Eth0/0/20(D)    
                Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)      


VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001     

(2) 创建VLAN10,把接口e0/0/1、e0/0/2设置成access接口,并且划分到VLAN10中

 1. 创建VLAN

[SW1]vlan 10
[SW1-vlan10]quit

 例3:查看VLAN是否创建成功

[SW1]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1    common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/2(U)     Eth0/0/3(U)     Eth0/0/4(U)     
                Eth0/0/5(D)     Eth0/0/6(D)     Eth0/0/7(D)     Eth0/0/8(D)     
                Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    Eth0/0/11(D)    Eth0/0/12(D)    
                Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    Eth0/0/15(D)    Eth0/0/16(D)    
                Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    Eth0/0/19(D)    Eth0/0/20(D)    
                Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)      

10   common  

VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         

10   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0010      

 2. 配置接口所属VLAN

[SW1]interface e0/0/1
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10

[SW1-Ethernet0/0/1]interface e0/0/2
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 10

[SW1-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

 例4:查看是否加入成功(成功)

[SW1]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    common  UT:Eth0/0/3(U)     Eth0/0/4(U)     Eth0/0/5(D)     Eth0/0/6(D)     
                Eth0/0/7(D)     Eth0/0/8(D)     Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    
                Eth0/0/11(D)    Eth0/0/12(D)    Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    
                Eth0/0/15(D)    Eth0/0/16(D)    Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    
                Eth0/0/19(D)    Eth0/0/20(D)    Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    
                GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)                                      

10   common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/2(U)                                     


VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
10   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0010      

5.2.3 验证PC1、PC2连通(成功)

5.3 实现PC3、PC4、PC5之间的互访

5.3.1 PC配置

其余自行配置。

5.3.2 SW1配置

[SW1]interface e0/0/3
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 20

 例5:查看VLAN配置

[SW1]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    common  UT:Eth0/0/4(U)     Eth0/0/5(D)     Eth0/0/6(D)     Eth0/0/7(D)     
                Eth0/0/8(D)     Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    Eth0/0/11(D)    
                Eth0/0/12(D)    Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    Eth0/0/15(D)    
                Eth0/0/16(D)    Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    Eth0/0/19(D)    
                Eth0/0/20(D)    Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    GE0/0/1(D)      
                GE0/0/2(D)                                                      

10   common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/2(U)                                     

20   common  UT:Eth0/0/3(U)                                                     


VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
10   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0010                         
20   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0020    

5.3.3 SW2配置

(1)修改名称

<Huawei>system
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname SW2
[SW2]

(2)建VLAN20,把接口e0/0/2、e0/0/3设置成access接口,并且划分到VLAN20中

[SW2]vlan batch 10 20 30
[SW2]interface e0/0/2
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20

[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]interface e0/0/3
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 20

[SW2-Ethernet0/0/3]quit
[SW2]

 例6:查看VLAN是否加入成功

[SW2]display vlan
The total number of vlans is : 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U: Up;         D: Down;         TG: Tagged;         UT: Untagged;
MP: Vlan-mapping;               ST: Vlan-stacking;
#: ProtocolTransparent-vlan;    *: Management-vlan;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VID  Type    Ports                                                          
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1    common  UT:Eth0/0/1(U)     Eth0/0/4(U)     Eth0/0/5(D)     Eth0/0/6(D)     
                Eth0/0/7(D)     Eth0/0/8(D)     Eth0/0/9(D)     Eth0/0/10(D)    
                Eth0/0/11(D)    Eth0/0/12(D)    Eth0/0/13(D)    Eth0/0/14(D)    
                Eth0/0/15(D)    Eth0/0/16(D)    Eth0/0/17(D)    Eth0/0/18(D)    
                Eth0/0/19(D)    Eth0/0/20(D)    Eth0/0/21(D)    Eth0/0/22(D)    
                GE0/0/1(D)      GE0/0/2(D)                                      

10   common  
20   common  UT:Eth0/0/2(U)     Eth0/0/3(U)                                     

30   common  

VID  Status  Property      MAC-LRN Statistics Description      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1    enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0001                         
10   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0010                         
20   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0020                         
30   enable  default       enable  disable    VLAN 0030 

(3)测试PC3、PC4、PC5连通

   PC4与PC5(成功):

   PC3与PC4、PC5(失败):

(4)解决PC3与PC4、PC5连通问题

  例7:SW1上查看发现

[SW1]display port vlan active
T=TAG U=UNTAG
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port                Link Type    PVID    VLAN List
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eth0/0/1            access       10      U: 10
Eth0/0/2            access       10      U: 10
Eth0/0/3            access       20      U: 20
Eth0/0/4            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/5            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/6            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/7            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/8            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/9            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/10           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/11           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/12           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/13           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/14           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/15           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/16           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/17           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/18           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/19           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/20           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/21           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/22           hybrid       1       U: 1
GE0/0/1             hybrid       1       U: 1
GE0/0/2             hybrid       1       U: 1

 可以看出交换机接口e0/0/4只允许VLAN1。

Eth0/0/4            hybrid       1       U: 1

 例8:查看SW2列表信息

[SW2]display port vlan active
T=TAG U=UNTAG
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Port                Link Type    PVID    VLAN List
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Eth0/0/1            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/2            access       20      U: 20
Eth0/0/3            access       20      U: 20
Eth0/0/4            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/5            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/6            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/7            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/8            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/9            hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/10           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/11           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/12           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/13           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/14           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/15           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/16           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/17           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/18           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/19           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/20           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/21           hybrid       1       U: 1
Eth0/0/22           hybrid       1       U: 1
GE0/0/1             hybrid       1       U: 1
GE0/0/2             hybrid       1       U: 1

 可以发现接口e0/0/1允许VLAN1。

Eth0/0/1            hybrid       1       U: 1

解决方法:在交换机直连接口上配置接口类型为trunk并允许需要通过的VLAN

SW1配置:

[SW1]interface e0/0/4
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
[SW1-Ethernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

SW2配置:

[SW2]interface e0/0/1
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20

 例9:查看验证

 发现e0/0/4接口允许通过VLAN变化为:

Eth0/0/4            trunk        1       U: 1
                                         T: 10 20

 发现e0/0/1接口允许VLAN变化为:

Eth0/0/1            trunk        1       U: 1
                                         T: 10 20

(5)验证PC3与PC4、PC5(成功)

5.4 实现PC1,PC2与PC3,PC4,PC5之间的隔离

PC3与PC1(不通):

PC3与PC5(通):

5.5 实现PC6与任一PC之间的互访

(1)SW2配置

[SW2]interface e0/0/4
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type hybrid
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]port hybrid pvid vlan 30
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/4]port hybrid untagged vlan 10 20 30

  验证:PC6与PC5(失败)

例10:查看SW2上配置

发现接口e0/0/2、e0/0/3只允许VLAN20:

Eth0/0/2            access       20      U: 20
Eth0/0/3            access       20      U: 20

(2)解决方法

  重新配置PC4的e0/0/2、PC5的e0/0/3端口类型

  1、查看接口相关配置

[SW2]interface e0/0/2
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]dis this
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 20
#
return
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]

2、通过undo删除已经配置的命令,重配置

[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]undo port default vlan
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]undo port link-type

[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type hybrid
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port hybrid pvid vlan 20
[SW2-Ethernet0/0/2]port hybrid untagged vlan 20 30

3、验证PC4与PC6(成功)

对于其它pc接口配置删除重配这里省略了,可以参考PC4。 

同理可以验证其它PC与PC6连通。

4、验证PC6与PC5(成功)

5、验证PC6与PC1(成功)

6、验证PC6与PC2(成功)

7、验证PC6与PC3(成功)

猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/fanjufei123456/article/details/105873571