FastAPI 基础学习(七) Request Body(II)

二、多个Request Body

我们可以同时声明多个Request Body参数。

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(*, item_id: int, item: Item, user: User):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user}
    return results

这两个参数(item、user)类型都是Pydantic数据模型。

我们务必要注意，这里参数的名称就是body里的键值，body内容格式如下示例：

{
    "item": {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2
    },
    "user": {
        "username": "dave",
        "full_name": "Dave Grohl"
    }
}

三、嵌入单个Request Body

如果Request Body内容格式如下：

{
    "item": {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2
    }
}

这里"item"是Request Body内部数据内容的键值，那么我们就需要利用Body方法的embed参数，才能正确解析出Request Body内容。

item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)

具体示例如下：

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(*, item_id: int, item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}
    return results

四、单个数值

对于Request Body里的单个数值，FastAPI提供了便利的操作方法Body。

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
    *, item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body(...)
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance}
    return results

Request Body数据格式示例如下：

{
    "item": {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2
    },
    "user": {
        "username": "dave",
        "full_name": "Dave Grohl"
    },
    "importance": 5
}

注意，这里如果没有Body方法的话，参数importance就只是个请求参数，所以务必注意下。