Spring MVC 项目快速搭建
Spring MVC使我们可以简单地开发灵活且松耦合的Web项目，本章将关注基于注解和Java配置的Spring MVC开发。
基本架构：Spring MVC 4.1.5+maven+logback+log4j
1.构建Maven项目
pom.xml内容：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.just</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc4learning</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springmvc4Learning</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring MVC4</description>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<!-- web -->
<jsp.version>2.2.1</jsp.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
<!-- Spring -->
<spring-framework.version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
<!-- logging -->
<logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
<!-- provided表示打包的时候不用包进去-->
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring MVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他web依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring and Transactions -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 使用SLF4J和LogBack作为日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 对json和xml文件的支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
<version>2.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- file upload -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2.日志配置
在src/main/resources目录下，新建logback.xml来配置日志
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">
<contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator">
<resetJUL>true</resetJUL>
</contextListener>
<jmxConfigurator/>
<appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>logback: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"/>
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="console"/>
</root>
</configuration>
3.演示页面
在src/main/resources下新建views目录，并在此目录下新建index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>我是标题呀</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
Welcome to Spring MVC world!
</pre>
</body>
</html>
注意：本人用的是idea开发的，在这个目录下右键新建jsp的时候发现没有jsp选项，这是因为默认的web的东西是在webapp目录下，所以要将工程web指向这个resource目录，具体可看截图：
4.springmvc配置
package com.just.springmvc4.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan("com.just.springmvc4")
public class MyMvcConfig {
@Bean
public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
InternalResourceViewResolver resourceViewResolver=new InternalResourceViewResolver();
resourceViewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/"); //运行时的目录
resourceViewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
resourceViewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
return resourceViewResolver;
}
}
5.web配置
package com.just.springmvc4.config;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration;
/**
* WebApplicationInitializer 是spring提供用来配置Servlet3.0+配置的接口，替代web.xml
*/
public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer{
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
context.register(MyMvcConfig.class);
context.setServletContext(servletContext);
//注册DispatcherServlet
ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet=servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher",new DispatcherServlet(context));
servlet.addMapping("/");
servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
}
}
WebApplicationInitializer是Spring提供用来配置Sevlet3.0+配置的接口，用来替换web.xml。
实现此接口会自动被SpringServletContainerInitializer获取到
6.简单控制器
package com.just.springmvc4.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String hello(){
return "index";
}
}
7.部署，访问http://localhost:8080/index
8.总结
springmvc架构零xml配置，简单粗暴的例子，后续会根据项目中常见的问题增加一些东西，书中没提到的还有很多。