Ⅰ、看下所有后台线程
(root@localhost) [(none)]> select name from performance_schema.threads where name like 'thread/innodb%' order by name;
+----------------------------------------+
| name |
+----------------------------------------+
| thread/innodb/buf_dump_thread | # dump bp
| thread/innodb/dict_stats_thread | # 元数据
| thread/innodb/io_ibuf_thread | # change buffer
| thread/innodb/io_log_thread | # 写重做日志
| thread/innodb/io_read_thread | # 异步读
| thread/innodb/io_read_thread |
| thread/innodb/io_read_thread |
| thread/innodb/io_read_thread |
| thread/innodb/io_write_thread | # 异步写
| thread/innodb/io_write_thread |
| thread/innodb/io_write_thread |
| thread/innodb/io_write_thread |
| thread/innodb/page_cleaner_thread | # 刷新脏页，innodb_page_cleaners，建议和io_write_thread设置一样
| thread/innodb/srv_error_monitor_thread | # 监控
| thread/innodb/srv_lock_timeout_thread | # 监控
| thread/innodb/srv_master_thread | # 之前很关键，脏页刷新之前在这个线程里，5.6开始移出去了，基本上现在就是刷新重做日志的
| thread/innodb/srv_monitor_thread | # 监控
| thread/innodb/srv_purge_thread | # 回收undo
| thread/innodb/srv_worker_thread | # page_cleaner的子线程
| thread/innodb/srv_worker_thread |
| thread/innodb/srv_worker_thread |
+----------------------------------------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)异步读写由下面两个参数控制
innodb_read_io_threads 不建议调整，读取基本上很少是异步，调大没太大意义
innodb_write_io_threads 可以调大一点，因为数据库写入都是异步的，默认是4，调成8或者16，特别是ssd的情况下
Ⅱ、脏页刷新
innodb_io_capacity参数控制
每十秒钟刷新这个参数个页，这是一个全量的刷新，如果量特别大也可能是每秒钟刷这么多，可以理解为每秒钟刷的最多的量
innodb_io_capacity_max 5.7中出来的参数作额外控制，一般设为前者的double
这里先了解即可，如需深入，需要展开master thread的工作原理，请参考《MySQL技术内幕——InnoDB存储引擎》第2版