Python模拟浏览器发送http请求

1.使用 urllib2 实现

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*- 

import urllib2 url="https://www.baidu.com" req_header = {"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11", "Accept":"text/html;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8", "Accept-Charset":"ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.3", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Connection":"close", "Referer":None #注意如果依然不能抓取的话，这里可以设置抓取网站的host } req_timeout = 5 req = urllib2.Request(url,None,req_header) resp = urllib2.urlopen(req,None,req_timeout) html = resp.read() print(html)

2.使用 requests 模块

（1）.get请求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests

url = "https://www.baidu.com" payload = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"} r = requests.get(url, params=payload) print r.text

（2）.post请求

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址 url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址 data={"user":"user","password":"pass"} headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36" } res1 = requests.post(url1, data=data, headers=headers) res2 = requests.get(url2, cookies=res1.cookies, headers=headers) print res2.content#获得二进制响应内容 print res2.raw#获得原始响应内容,需要stream=True print res2.raw.read(50) print type(res2.text)#返回解码成unicode的内容 print res2.url print res2.history#追踪重定向 print res2.cookies print res2.cookies["example_cookie_name"] print res2.headers print res2.headers["Content-Type"] print res2.headers.get("content-type") print res2.json#讲返回内容编码为json print res2.encoding#返回内容编码 print res2.status_code#返回http状态码 print res2.raise_for_status()#返回错误状态码

（3）.使用session对象的写法

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
s = requests.Session()
url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址 url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的地址 data={"user":"user","password":"pass"} headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36" } prepped1 = requests.Request("POST", url1, data=data, headers=headers ).prepare() s.send(prepped1) """ 也可以这样写 res = requests.Request("POST", url1, data=data, headers=headers ) prepared = s.prepare_request(res) # do something with prepped.body # do something with prepped.headers s.send(prepared) """ prepare2 = requests.Request("POST", url2, headers=headers ).prepare() res2 = s.send(prepare2) print res2.content """另一种写法""" #-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import requests s = requests.Session() url1 = "http://www.exanple.com/login"#登陆地址 url2 = "http://www.example.com/main"#需要登陆才能访问的页面地址 data={"user":"user","password":"pass"} headers = { "Accept":"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;", "Accept-Encoding":"gzip", "Accept-Language":"zh-CN,zh;q=0.8", "Referer":"http://www.example.com/", "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36" } res1 = s.post(url1, data=data) res2 = s.post(url2) print(resp2.content)

3.其他的一些请求方式

>>> r = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put")
>>> r = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete") >>> r = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get") >>> r = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")

Tags: http http请求 python 发送模拟

Python实现模拟浏览器请求及会话保持操作示例

更新时间：2018年07月30日 10:05:37 作者：初行

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这篇文章主要介绍了Python实现模拟浏览器请求及会话保持操作,结合实例形式分析了Python基于urllib与urllib2模块模拟浏览器请求及cookie保存会话相关操作技巧,需要的朋友可以参考下

本文实例讲述了Python实现模拟浏览器请求及会话保持操作。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

python下读取一个页面的数据可以通过urllib2轻松实现请求

1 2	`import` `urllib2` `print` `urllib2.urlopen(` `'http://www.baidu.com'` `).read()`

涉及到页面的POST请求操作的话需要提供头信息，提交的post数据和请求页面。

其中的post数据需要urllib.encode()一下，其实就是将字典转换成“data1=value1&data2=value2”的格式。

 
           import 
           urllib 
          
           import 
           urllib2 
          
           HEADER  
           = 
           { 
          
           'User-Agent' 
           :  
           'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0' 
           , 
          
           'Referer' 
           :  
           'http://202.206.1.163/logout.do' 
          
           } 
          
           POSTDATA  
           = 
           { 
          
           'data1' 
           :  
           'value1' 
           , 
          
           'data2' 
           :  
           'value2' 
          
           } 
          
           HOSTURL  
           = 
           'http://xxx.com' 
          
           enpostdata  
           = 
           urllib.urlencode(POSTDATA) 
          
           urlrequest  
           = 
           urllib2.Request(hosturl,enpostdata,HEADER) 
          
           urlresponse  
           = 
           urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest) 
          
           print 
           urlresponse.read()

请求之后浏览器会有一个会话保持的过程，会话都是保存在一个cookie里面的，下一次页面的请求会把cookie放到请求头，如果cookie丢失会话也就断开了。

在python下面需要设置一下cookie的保持

 
           # cookie set 
          
           # 用来保持会话 
          
           cj  
           = 
           cookielib.LWPCookieJar() 
          
           cookie_support  
           = 
           urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj) 
          
           opener  
           = 
           urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler) 
          
           urllib2.install_opener(opener)

下面是将以上知识点汇总写的一个库文件，方便使用：

 
           # filename: analogop.py 
          
           #!/usr/bin/python 
          
           # -*-coding:UTF-8 -*- 
          
           # author: 初行 
          
           # qq: 121866673 
          
           # mail: [email protected] 
          
           # message: I need a python job 
          
           # time: 2014/10/5 
          
           import 
           urllib 
          
           import 
           urllib2 
          
           import 
           cookielib 
          
           # cookie set 
          
           # 用来保持会话 
          
           cj  
           = 
           cookielib.LWPCookieJar() 
          
           cookie_support  
           = 
           urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj) 
          
           opener  
           = 
           urllib2.build_opener(cookie_support, urllib2.HTTPHandler) 
          
           urllib2.install_opener(opener) 
          
           # default header 
          
           HEADER  
           = 
           { 
          
           'User-Agent' 
           :  
           'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:31.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/31.0' 
           , 
          
           'Referer' 
           :  
           'http://202.206.1.163/logout.do' 
          
           } 
          
           # operate method 
          
           def 
           geturlopen(hosturl, postdata  
           = 
           {}, headers  
           = 
           HEADER): 
          
           # encode postdata 
          
           enpostdata  
           = 
           urllib.urlencode(postdata) 
          
           # request url 
          
           urlrequest  
           = 
           urllib2.Request(hosturl, enpostdata, headers) 
          
           # open url 
          
           urlresponse  
           = 
           urllib2.urlopen(urlrequest) 
          
           # return url 
          
           return 
           urlresponse

这个是测试文件，因为读者没有测试环境，需要自己搭建或者找个网站测试：

 
           #filename: test.py 
          
 
           from 
           analogop  
           import 
           geturlopen 
          
 
           postd  
           = 
           { 
          
 
             
           'usernum' 
           :  
           '2011411111' 
           , 
          
 
             
           'upw' 
           :  
           '124569' 
           , 
          
 
             
           'userip' 
           :  
           '192.168.10.1' 
           , 
          
 
             
           'token' 
           :  
           'xxx' 
          
 
           } 
          
 
           urlread  
           = 
           geturlopen( 
           'http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/' 
           , postd) 
          
 
           print 
           urlread.read().decode( 
           'utf-8' 
           ) 
          
 
           urlread  
           = 
           geturlopen( 
           'http://127.0.0.1:8000/chafen/' 
           , {}) 
          
 
           print 
           urlread.read().decode( 
           'utf-8' 
           ) 
          

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