mybatis缓存(缓存原理、自定义缓存)

1、缓存

(1)什么是缓存

存储在内存中的临时数据,将用户经常查询的数据放在缓存(内存)中,用户再次查询数据的时候就不用从磁盘上(关系型数据库数据文件)查询,从缓存中查询,能够提高查询效率,解决了高并发系统的性能问题

(2)为什么使用缓存

减少和数据库的交互次数,减少系统开销,提高系统效率

(3)什么样的数据使用缓存

经常查询并且不经常改变的数据

(4)mybatis缓存

mybatis包含一个非常强大的查询缓存特性,可以非常方便地定制和配置缓存,缓存可以极大地提高查询效率

mybatis系统默认定义了两级缓存:一级缓存和二级缓存

一级缓存:默认情况下只有一级缓存开启(SqlSession级别的缓存,也称为本地缓存)

二级缓存:需要手动开启和配置,它是基于namespace级别的缓存

为了提高扩展性,Mybatis定义了缓存接口Cache,我们可以通过实现Cache接口来自定义二级缓存

查看源码:org.apache.ibatis.cache.Cache;

Cache接口:

public interface Cache {
    String getId();

    void putObject(Object var1, Object var2);

    Object getObject(Object var1);

    Object removeObject(Object var1);

    void clear();

    int getSize();

    ReadWriteLock getReadWriteLock();
}

缓存策略:

默认:LRU,移除最长时间不被使用的对象

2、缓存原理

(1)一级缓存与二级缓存

 第一次从数据库中查询,然后存在缓存中

先去二级缓存中查看没有的话再去一级缓存中查看,缓存中没有的话再去数据库查询

(2)一级缓存

接口:

public interface StudentMapper {
   Student queryStudentById(@Param("studentno") String studentno);
}

配置:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="pers.zhb.mapper.StudentMapper"><!--绑定一个dao接口-->
      <select id="queryStudentById" resultType="pers.zhb.pojo.Student">
          select * from student where studentno=#{studentno}
      </select>
</mapper>

测试:

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession= MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        Student student1=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201811");
        System.out.println(student1);
        Student student2=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201811");
        System.out.println(student2);
    }
}
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - Opening JDBC Connection
DEBUG [main] - Created connection 439904756.
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201811(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
Student(studentno=201811, sname=zhai, sex=男, birthday=1998-11-11, classno=80501, point=890, phone=1234567890, email=null)
Student(studentno=201811, sname=zhai, sex=男, birthday=1998-11-11, classno=80501, point=890, phone=1234567890, email=null)

两次查询只执行了一次SQL语句(第一次执行了SQL语句),第二次是直接在缓存中取得的数据

(3)缓存失效

查询不一样的数据:

    @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession= MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        Student student1=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201812");
        System.out.println(student1);
        Student student2=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201813");
        System.out.println(student2);
    }
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - Opening JDBC Connection
DEBUG [main] - Created connection 439904756.
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201812(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
Student(studentno=201812, sname=zhai2, sex=男, birthday=1998-11-11, classno=80601, point=893, phone=19837372533, email=null)
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201813(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
Student(studentno=201813, sname=zhai3, sex=男, birthday=1998-11-11, classno=80501, point=892, phone=19837372534, email=null)

执行更新(增删改)操作:增删改操作可能会改变原来的数据,所以,必定会刷新缓存

不执行更新操作:

  @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession= MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        Student student1=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201812");
        Student student2=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201812");
        System.out.println(student1==student2);
    }
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - Opening JDBC Connection
DEBUG [main] - Created connection 171497379.
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201812(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
true

只执行一次SQL语句,并且两次获取到的学生的对象为同一个对象

在两次查询语句中插入一个更新操作:

 @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession= MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        Student student1=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201812");

        Student student=new Student();
        student.setStudentno("201813");
        student.setPhone("12345678912");
        studentMapper.UpdateStudent(student);

        Student student2=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201812");
        System.out.println(student1==student2);
    }
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - Opening JDBC Connection
DEBUG [main] - Created connection 171497379.
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201812(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: update student set phone=? where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 12345678912(String), 201813(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==    Updates: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201812(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
false

虽然查询的是同一个学生,但是此时缓存没有起作用(执行了两次查询操作),可以看出在插入了更新操作后,缓存失效

通过不同的Mapper查询

手动清理:

   @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession= MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper studentMapper=sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        Student student1=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201812");
        sqlSession.clearCache();
        Student student2=studentMapper.queryStudentById("201812");
        System.out.println(student1==student2);
    }
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - Logging initialized using 'class org.apache.ibatis.logging.log4j.Log4jImpl' adapter.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - PooledDataSource forcefully closed/removed all connections.
DEBUG [main] - Opening JDBC Connection
DEBUG [main] - Created connection 171497379.
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201812(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
DEBUG [main] - ==>  Preparing: select * from student where studentno=? 
DEBUG [main] - ==> Parameters: 201812(String)
DEBUG [main] - <==      Total: 1
false

一级缓存默认是开启的,只在一次SqlSession中有效,也就是拿到连接到关闭连接的这个区间段

3、自定义缓存ehcache

(1)导入依赖:

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-ehcache -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-ehcache</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>

(2)在mapper中指定使用自定义的缓存实现

<cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache"></cache>

(3)缓存的配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://ehcache.org/ehcache.xsd"
         updateCheck="false">
    <!--
       diskStore:为缓存路径,ehcache分为内存和磁盘两级,此属性定义磁盘的缓存位置。参数解释如下:
       user.home – 用户主目录
       user.dir  – 用户当前工作目录
       java.io.tmpdir – 默认临时文件路径
     -->
    <diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir/Tmp_EhCache"/>
    <!--
       defaultCache:默认缓存策略,当ehcache找不到定义的缓存时,则使用这个缓存策略。只能定义一个。
     -->
    <!--
      name:缓存名称。
      maxElementsInMemory:缓存最大数目
      maxElementsOnDisk:硬盘最大缓存个数。
      eternal:对象是否永久有效,一但设置了,timeout将不起作用。
      overflowToDisk:是否保存到磁盘,当系统当机时
      timeToIdleSeconds:设置对象在失效前的允许闲置时间(单位:秒)。仅当eternal=false对象不是永久有效时使用,可选属性,默认值是0,也就是可闲置时间无穷大。
      timeToLiveSeconds:设置对象在失效前允许存活时间(单位:秒)。最大时间介于创建时间和失效时间之间。仅当eternal=false对象不是永久有效时使用,默认是0.,也就是对象存活时间无穷大。
      diskPersistent:是否缓存虚拟机重启期数据 Whether the disk store persists between restarts of the Virtual Machine. The default value is false.
      diskSpoolBufferSizeMB:这个参数设置DiskStore(磁盘缓存)的缓存区大小。默认是30MB。每个Cache都应该有自己的一个缓冲区。
      diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds:磁盘失效线程运行时间间隔,默认是120秒。
      memoryStoreEvictionPolicy:当达到maxElementsInMemory限制时,Ehcache将会根据指定的策略去清理内存。默认策略是LRU(最近最少使用)。你可以设置为FIFO(先进先出)或是LFU(较少使用)。
      clearOnFlush:内存数量最大时是否清除。
      memoryStoreEvictionPolicy:可选策略有:LRU(最近最少使用,默认策略)、FIFO(先进先出)、LFU(最少访问次数)。
      FIFO,first in first out,这个是大家最熟的,先进先出。
      LFU, Less Frequently Used,就是上面例子中使用的策略,直白一点就是讲一直以来最少被使用的。如上面所讲,缓存的元素有一个hit属性,hit值最小的将会被清出缓存。
      LRU,Least Recently Used,最近最少使用的,缓存的元素有一个时间戳,当缓存容量满了,而又需要腾出地方来缓存新的元素的时候,那么现有缓存元素中时间戳离当前时间最远的元素将被清出缓存。
   -->
    <defaultCache
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="10000"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="1800"
            timeToLiveSeconds="259200"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>

    <cache
            name="cloud_user"
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="5000"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="1800"
            timeToLiveSeconds="1800"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"/>
</ehcache>

转载自:https://www.cnblogs.com/zqyanywn/p/10861103.html

(4)引用缓存

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