Spring框架系列_Spring框架__通过XML方式配置Bean（三）

Spring配置Bean有两种形式（XML和注解）

本文演示通过XML方式配置Bean

演示案例工程的目录结构：

1、 Bean的配置方式

　  通过全类名（反射）的方式

     

　 id：标识容器中的bean。id唯一。

　 class：bean的全类名，通过反射的方式在IOC容器中创建Bean，所以要求Bean中必须有无参的构造器

2、依赖注入的方式 

    1）属性注入：通过setter方法注入Bean的属性值或依赖的对象

      

      属性注入使用<Property>元素，使用name指定Bean的属性名称，使用value指定Bean的属性的值

  2）构造器注入：通过构造方法注入Bean的属性和值

   首先创建一个Car类

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class Car {
	private String brand;
	private int speed;
	private String color;
	public int price;
	
	public Car(String brand, int speed, String color,int price) {
		System.out.println("Car...初始化有参构造器");
		this.brand = brand;
		this.speed = speed;
		this.color = color;
		this.price = price;
	}

	public void setPrice(int price) {
		this.price = price;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", speed=" + speed + ", color=" + color + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}

}

然后加入配置文件配置节点：applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="helloworld" class="com.dk.spring.beans.HelloWorld">
		<property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>

</beans>

编写测试类SpringBeanConfig.java

运行main方法开启Spring容器并使用

package com.dk.spring;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.dk.spring.beans.Address;
import com.dk.spring.beans.Car;
import com.dk.spring.beans.OtherPerson;
import com.dk.spring.beans.Person;
import com.dk.spring.beans.RichPerson;

public class SpringBeanConfig {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 1.创建Spring 的IOC的容器对象
		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		        
		// 2.从IOC容器中获取bean实例
		Car car = (Car)ctx.getBean(Car.class);
		        
		// 3、调用hello方法
		System.out.println(car);

        }
}

 如果想给指定属性顺序赋值，可以使用index属性

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="helloworld" class="com.dk.spring.beans.HelloWorld">
		<property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" index="1"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" index="2"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" index="3"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>

</beans>

     如果想给指定属性顺序赋值，也可以使用type属性

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="helloworld" class="com.dk.spring.beans.HelloWorld">
		<property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi"  type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120"   type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000"  type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>

</beans>

备注：改变参数配置顺序，会影响赋值顺序，【赋值会根据同一类型出现的顺序依次赋值】，如下图所示

所以这种方式注入的话要注意赋值类型顺序。

 

3）工厂方法注入

静态工厂方法注入bean

利用静态工厂方法可以把bean注入到IOC容器中。在XML文件中配置bean时，要指定class的属性为工厂的类；factory-method属性指定工厂类中工厂方法，用于创建bean；constrctor-arg用于给工厂方法传递参数。实例如下：

ExampleBean.java

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class ExampleBean {
	
	private String name;
	
	public ExampleBean() {

		System.out.println("ExamleBean的无参构造器...");
	}
	
	public ExampleBean(String name) {
		System.out.println("ExamleBean的有参构造器...");
		this.name = name;
	}

	public static ExampleBean getInstance(String name){
		return new ExampleBean(name);
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "ExampleBean [name=" + name + "]";
	}

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="helloworld" class="com.dk.spring.beans.HelloWorld">
		<property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
	</bean>

	<!--class要写工厂的类；factory-method要写工厂类中用于创建bean的方法-->
	<!-- 
		使用静态工厂方法创建一个对象
		factory-method属性：指定要调用的静态方法。
	 -->
	<bean id="exampleBean" class="com.dk.spring.beans.ExampleBean" 
	factory-method="getInstance">
		<constructor-arg value="Jack"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
</beans>

实例工厂方法注入bean

实例化工厂方法注入bean，需要先实例化一个工厂类，然后通过由实例化工厂对象中的一个方法来创建bean，并注入到容器中。 
在 bean 的 factory-bean 属性里指定拥有该工厂方法的 Bean；在 factory-method 属性里指定该工厂方法的名称；使用 construtor-arg 元素为工厂方法传递方法参数。示例如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="helloworld" class="com.dk.spring.beans.HelloWorld">
		<property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
	</bean>

    <!-- 使用静态工厂方法创建一个对象 factory-method属性：指定要调用的静态方法。 -->
	<!--class要写工厂的类；factory-method要写工厂类中用于创建bean的方法 -->
	<bean id="exampleBean" class="com.dk.spring.beans.ExampleBean"
		factory-method="getInstance">
		<constructor-arg value="Jack"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	

	<!-- 使用实例工厂方法创建一个对象 factory-bean属性：要调用的对象的id。 factory-method属性：要调用的方法。 -->
	<bean id="calendar" class="java.util.GregorianCalendar" />
	<bean id="time" factory-bean="calendar" factory-method="getTime" />
	
	 <bean id="carFactory" class="com.dk.spring.beans.CarFactory"></bean>
	 <bean id="car" factory-bean="carFactory" factory-method="getCar">
        <constructor-arg value="baoma"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="102"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="baoma"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="100000"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

CarFactory.java

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class CarFactory {

	public Car getCar(String brand, int speed, String color,int price){
		return new Car(brand, speed, color, price);
	}

}

配置bean的属性时可以 使用ref引用其他配置好的bean对象，ref的值为引用bean的id

构造器方式<constructor-arg  ref="car"></constructor-arg>

属性注入<property name="name"  ref=""></property>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="helloworld" class="com.dk.spring.beans.HelloWorld">
		<property name="name" value="Spring"></property>
	</bean>

    <!-- 使用静态工厂方法创建一个对象 factory-method属性：指定要调用的静态方法。 -->
	<!--class要写工厂的类；factory-method要写工厂类中用于创建bean的方法 -->
	<bean id="exampleBean" class="com.dk.spring.beans.ExampleBean"
		factory-method="getInstance2">
		<constructor-arg  ref="car"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	

	<!-- 使用实例工厂方法创建一个对象 factory-bean属性：要调用的对象的id。 factory-method属性：要调用的方法。 -->
	<bean id="calendar" class="java.util.GregorianCalendar" />
	<bean id="time" factory-bean="calendar" factory-method="getTime" />
	
	 <bean id="carFactory" class="com.dk.spring.beans.CarFactory"></bean>
	 <bean id="car" factory-bean="carFactory" factory-method="getCar">
        <constructor-arg value="baoma"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="102"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="baoma"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg value="100000"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class ExampleBean {
	
	private String name;
	private Car car;
	
	public ExampleBean(Car car) {
		System.out.println("ExamleBean的有参构造器...");
		this.car = car;
	}
	public static ExampleBean getInstance2(Car car){
		return new ExampleBean(car);
	}
	
	public ExampleBean() {

		System.out.println("ExamleBean的无参构造器...");
	}
	
	public ExampleBean(String name) {
		System.out.println("ExamleBean的有参构造器...");
		this.name = name;
	}

	public static ExampleBean getInstance(String name){
		return new ExampleBean(name);
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "ExampleBean [name=" + name + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}

}

 工厂方法方式在实际的项目中很少使用，使用最多的是属性注入、构造器注入。

3、引用其他Bean

 　1）引用外部Bean

          使用 property的ref属性建立Bean之间的引用关系

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class Person {

	private String name;
	private int age;
	private Car car;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
		
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
	    <constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
	    <constructor-arg value="120" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	    <constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
	    <constructor-arg value="100000"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="person" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Person">
	    <property name="name" value="dk"></property>
	    <property name="age" value="32"></property>
	    <!-- 使用 property的ref属性建立Bean之间的引用关系-->
	    <property name="car" ref="car"></property>
	</bean>

</beans>

    2）引用内部Bean

     因为id是为了让外部引用，而内部Bean内部只用一次，不能被外部引用，所以不写id。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="person" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Person">
		<property name="name" value="dk"></property>
		<property name="age" value="32"></property>
		<!-- 内部Bean，不能被外部引用，只能在内部使用 -->
		<property name="car">
			<bean class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
				<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
				<constructor-arg value="120" type="int"></constructor-arg>
				<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
				<constructor-arg value="100000"></constructor-arg>
			</bean>
		</property>
	</bean>
</beans>

 4、级联属性

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    
	<bean id="person" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Person">
	    <property name="name" value="dk"></property>
	    <property name="age" value="32"></property>
	    <property name="car" ref="car"></property>
	    <!-- 级联属性赋值 -->
	    <property name="car.price" value="30000"></property>
	</bean>
	
    <bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" index="1"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" index="2"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" index="3"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

　注意：属性想用car.price的级联，首先car必须要先初始化，否则会有异常

 4、集合属性

  当我们的Bean中有集合元素的时候，Spring中可以通过一组内置的xml标签（<list>、<set>、<map>）来配置集合属性。

  1）List集合：

     创建RichPerson类有一个cars属性，并且RichPerson类cars属性是一个List<car>,即一个人拥有多辆车。

package com.dk.spring.beans;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class RichPerson {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private List<Car> cars;
    private Map<String,Car> cars2;
    
	//为上面的4个属性设置getter和setter方法
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public List<Car> getCars() {
        return cars;
    }
    public void setCars(List<Car> cars) {
        this.cars = cars;
    }
	public Map<String,Car> getCars2() {
		return cars2;
	}
	public void setCars2(Map<String,Car> cars2) {
		this.cars2 = cars2;
	}
    
}

　配置文件修改如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    
	<bean id="car1" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car2" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Ford" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" index="3"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car3" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Toyota" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="95" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="richPerson" class="com.dk.spring.beans.RichPerson">
		<property name="name" value="dk"></property>
		<property name="age" value="32"></property>
		<!-- 集合属性（List），使用ref来配置子节点信息 -->
		<property name="cars">
			<list>
				<ref bean="car1"></ref>
				<ref bean="car2"></ref>
				<ref bean="car3"></ref>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

  2）Map集合：

 如果是<map>集合的话，只需要把list换成map即可。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    
	<bean id="car1" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car2" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Ford" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" index="3"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car3" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Toyota" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="95" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="richPerson" class="com.dk.spring.beans.RichPerson">
		<property name="name" value="dk"></property>
		<property name="age" value="32"></property>
		<!-- 集合属性（List），使用ref来配置子节点信息 -->
		<property name="cars">
			<list>
				<ref bean="car1"></ref>
				<ref bean="car2"></ref>
				<ref bean="car3"></ref>
			</list>
		</property>
		
		<!-- 集合属性（Map），使用entry来配置map的子节点信息 -->
		<property name="cars2">
			<map>
				<entry key="A" value-ref="car1"></entry>
				<entry key="B" value-ref="car2"></entry>
			</map>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

3） 现在这么多集合Bean能不能抽出来，以供多个Bean进行引用，那么就需要使用util

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    <bean id="car1" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car2" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Ford" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car3" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Toyota" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="95" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean> 
	
	<bean id="richPerson" class="com.dk.spring.beans.RichPerson">
		<property name="name" value="dk"></property>
		<property name="age" value="32"></property>
		<!-- 引用util -->
		<property name="cars" ref="cars"></property>
	</bean> 

	
	
	<util:list id="cars">
		<ref bean="car1"></ref>
		<ref bean="car2"></ref>
	</util:list> 

	
</beans>

4）使用p命名空间 

 Sping从2.5版本开始引入一个新的P的命名空间，通过使用P命名空间后，使得Xml的配置方式进一步简化

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    <bean id="car1" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car2" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Ford" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car3" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Toyota" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="95" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean> 	
	
	<util:list id="cars">
		<ref bean="car1"></ref>
		<ref bean="car2"></ref>
	</util:list> 
	
	<!-- 通过P命名空间为Bean属性赋值，相对于传统的配置方式更加简洁 -->
	
	<bean id="richPerson" class="com.dk.spring.beans.RichPerson" p:name="dk"
		p:age="25" p:cars-ref="cars">
	</bean> 


</beans>

 通过C名称空间来简化我们构造方法的属性赋值 

package com.dk.spring.beans;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class RichPerson {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private List<Car> cars;
    private Map<String,Car> cars2;
    
    //构造函数（C命名空间使用）
    public RichPerson(String name, int age, List<Car> cars) {
		System.out.println("RichPerson有参构造器初始化。。。。");
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.cars = cars;
	}
    
	//为上面的4个属性设置getter和setter方法
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public List<Car> getCars() {
        return cars;
    }
    public void setCars(List<Car> cars) {
        this.cars = cars;
    }
	public Map<String,Car> getCars2() {
		return cars2;
	}
	public void setCars2(Map<String,Car> cars2) {
		this.cars2 = cars2;
	}
    
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

    <bean id="car1" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car2" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Ford" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car3" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Toyota" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="95" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean> 	
	
	<util:list id="cars">
		<ref bean="car1"></ref>
		<ref bean="car2"></ref>
	</util:list> 
	
	<!-- 通过C名称空间来简化我们构造方法的属性赋值 -->
	
	<bean id="richPerson" class="com.dk.spring.beans.RichPerson" c:name="dk"
		c:age="25" c:cars-ref="cars">
	</bean> 



</beans>

 5、使用autowire属性进行Bean的自动装配

当我们要往一个bean的某个属性里注入另外一个bean，我们会使用<property ref=“”>标签的形式。但是对于大型项目这种方式其实是不可取的。

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class Person {

	private String name;
	private int age;
	private Car car;
	
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
		
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<!-- 使用autowire属性进行Bean的自动装配 -->
	<!-- 
	     大型项目中我们一般使用autowire属性自动装备Bean，autowire属性有两个值：byName和byType
	        byName：根据Bean的名字和当前的Bean的setter属性名称进行装配 若没有，则为null
	        byType：根据Bean的类型进行装配，若有1个以上的同一类型，则抛异常
	-->
	<bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Toyota" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="95" type="int"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="100" type="int"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	<bean id="person" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Person" autowire="byName">
	     <property name="name" value="dk"></property>
	     <property name="age" value="32"></property>
	</bean>

</beans>

自动装配的特点：

　　 1）只有引用类型才可以自动装配。

　　 2）autowire属性是在bean的级别上，一旦指定，当前bean的所有引用类型都必须使用自动装配。

　    3）byType和byName的只能选择其一。

 byType：异常情况演示

 byName：

异常情况演示： 

 

6、配置上的继承（parent属性） 

当我们有两个或者以上的同一个类型的Bean做实例化的时候，我们可以将一些公共的部分提取成通用Bean。这样其他的Bean继承它即可以了。

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class Address {

	private String provice;
	private String city;
	private String street;
	
	public String getProvice() {
		return provice;
	}
	public void setProvice(String provice) {
		this.provice = provice;
	}
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getStreet() {
		return street;
	}
	public void setStreet(String street) {
		this.street = street;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [provice=" + provice + ", city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
	}
	
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">
	
	<bean id="address1" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YingBing">
	</bean>
	<bean id="address2" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YanLing">
	</bean>
	<bean id="address3" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YanShun">
	</bean>  

</beans>

以上Bean中用的都是address这个类，都是省市街道的赋值，只是在街道上每个不一样，所以我们完全可以把通用的提出来。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<!-- 	
	<bean id="address1" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YingBing">
	</bean>
	<bean id="address2" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YanLing">
	</bean>
	<bean id="address3" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YanShun">
	</bean>  
	-->
	
	<bean id="address" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YingBing" scope="prototype">
	</bean>
	<bean id="address1" parent="address" p:street="YanLing">
	</bean>
	<bean id="address2" parent="address" p:street="YanShun">
	</bean>

</beans>

 7、Bean的作用域（scope属性） 

输出结果为：true

　　说明默认为单例模式的，主要看scope属性值。

　　使用Bean的scope属性来配置Bean的作用域的，scope有两个重要的属性值。

　　　　singleton：默认值，容器初始化时创建Bean实例，在整个容器的生命周期内只创建一个Bean，单例的。

　　　　prototype：原型的，容器初始化时不创建Bean的实例，而在每次请求时都创建一个新的Bean的实例，并返回。

8、使用外部属性文件（property-placeholder 属性占位符）

新建一个db.properties文件

user=root
password=1234
driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc
jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///test

　MyDataSource文件：

package com.dk.spring;

public class MyDataSource {
    private String user;
    private String password;
    private String diverClass;
    private String jdbcUrl;
    
    public String getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public void setUser(String user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getDiverClass() {
        return diverClass;
    }

    public void setDiverClass(String diverClass) {
        this.diverClass = diverClass;
    }

    public String getJdbcUrl() {
        return jdbcUrl;
    }

    public void setJdbcUrl(String jdbcUrl) {
        this.jdbcUrl = jdbcUrl;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyDataSource{" +
                "user='" + user + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", diverClass='" + diverClass + '\'' +
                ", jdbcUrl='" + jdbcUrl + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

配置上属性占位符是文件的地址，并在使用的过程中使用${}的格式取值

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<!-- 导入属性文件 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.dk.spring.MyDataSource">
		<!-- 使用外部属性文件的属性值 -->
		<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
		<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
		<property name="diverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
		<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
	</bean>
	

</beans>

9、Spring表达式SPEL表达式 

package com.dk.spring.beans;

public class OtherPerson {
	private Car car;
	private String city;
	private String info;
	private int yaowei;
	
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getInfo() {
		return info;
	}
	public void setInfo(String info) {
		this.info = info;
	}
	public int getYaowei() {
		return yaowei;
	}
	public void setYaowei(int yaowei) {
		this.yaowei = yaowei;
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "OtherPerson [car=" + car + ", city=" + city + ", info=" + info + ", yaowei=" + yaowei + "]";
	}
	
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Car">
		<constructor-arg value="Audi" index="0"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="120" index="1"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="black" index="2"></constructor-arg>
		<constructor-arg value="1000" index="3"></constructor-arg>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="address" class="com.dk.spring.beans.Address" p:provice="Hebei"
		p:city="LangFang" p:street="YingBing">
	</bean>
	
	<!-- Spring表达式SPEL表达式 -->
	<bean id="otherPerson" class="com.dk.spring.beans.OtherPerson">
		<!-- 使用SpEL 来应用其他的Bean -->
		<property name="car" value="#{car}"></property>
		<!-- 使用SpEL 来应用其他的Bean的属性 -->
		<property name="city" value="#{address.city}"></property>
		<!-- 使用SpEL 中使用运算符 -->
		<property name="info" value="#{car.price > 30000 ? '金领' : '白领'}"></property>
		<!-- 使用SpEL 引用类的静态属性 -->
		<property name="yaowei" value="#{T(java.lang.Math).PI * 80}"></property>
	</bean>

</beans>

 10、Spring中Bean的生命周期 

       1）创建Bean的实例

　　2）为Bean的属性设置值和对其他Bean的引用

　　3）Bean后置处理器postProcessBeforeInitialization方法

　　4）调用Bean的初始化方法(init-method)

　　5）Bean后置处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法

　　6）Bean正常使用

　　7）当容器关闭时，调用Bean的销毁方法(destroy-method)

 　实例：

package com.dk.spring.life;

public class Car {
    public Car() {
        System.out.println("构造器……");
    }
    private String brand;

    public void setBrand(String brand) {
        System.out.println("设置属性……");
        this.brand = brand;
    }
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("初始化……");
    }
    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("销毁……");
    }
}

MyBeanProcessor必须实现BeanPostProcessor接口的两个方法：

package com.dk.spring.life;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;

public class MyBeanProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("postProcessBeforeInitialization……");
        return o;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object o, String s) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("postProcessAfterInitialization……");
        return o;
    }
}

配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd">
	
	
	<bean id="car" class="com.dk.spring.life.Car" p:brand="Audi" init-method="init"
	destroy-method="destroy"></bean>
	<!-- 配置Bean的处理器 -->
	<bean class="com.dk.spring.life.MyBeanProcessor"></bean>
	
	
</beans>

测试类：

package com.dk.spring.life;

import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class BeanLifeTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 由于ApplicationContext没有close方法，所以要使用它下面子接口ConfigurableApplicationContext
		ConfigurableApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-beanLife.xml");
		Car car = (Car) ctx.getBean("car");
		System.out.println("使用Bean：" + car.toString());
		// 关闭IOC容器
		ctx.close();
	}

}

最终运行结果验证了上面的spring中bean的生命周期：