链接：http://www.2cto.com/os/201410/341079.html
7z指令
7z是7zip压缩工具的常用压缩文件格式。7zip是一个开源的压缩工具，软件本身十分小巧，功能强大，是目前公认的压缩比最大的压缩解压缩软件，近年来开始渐渐流行。
7zip支持众多的压缩格式，支持7z, XZ,BZIP2, GZIP, TAR, ZIP格式的压缩/解压缩。支持CAB, ISO, RAR, RPM, XAR, Z等众多格式的解压缩。
程序退出代码0表示正常，没有错误。
命令格式
$ 7z –help
Usage: 7z […] […]
[<@listfiles…>]
常用的command如下：
a 添加文件到压缩文件
d 从压缩文件中删除文件
e 从压缩文件中解压缩文件，不包含目录结构
l 列出压缩包中的内容
t 测试压缩文件
u更新文件到压缩文件
x从压缩文件中解压缩，包含目录结构
使用示例
$ rm * -rf
$ mkdir -p study/d1/d11 study/d2
$ touch study/d1/d11/f1.c study/d2/f2.php
$ 7z a study.7z study/ ~ 将study整个目录添加到压缩包study.7z中
Scanning
Creating archive study.7z
Everything is Ok
$ 7z t study.7z ~ 测试压缩包
Processing archive: study.7z
Testing study/d1/d11/f1.c
Testing study/d2/f2.php
Testing study/d2
Testing study/d1/d11
Testing study/d1
Testing study
Everything is Ok
$ rm -rf study
$ 7z x study.7z ~ 解压缩包到当前目录
Processing archive: study.7z
Extracting study/d1/d11/f1.c
Extracting study/d2/f2.php
Extracting study/d2
Extracting study/d1/d11
Extracting study/d1
Extracting study
Everything is Ok
$ 7z d study.7z study/d2/f2.php ~ 删除压缩包中的指定文件
Updating archive study.7z
Everything is Ok
$ 7z t study.7z ~ 测试压缩包
Processing archive: study.7z
Testing study/d1/d11/f1.c
Testing study/d2
Testing study/d1/d11
Testing study/d1
Testing study
Everything is Ok
$ 7z l study.7z ~ 查看压缩包中的目录结构
Listing archive: study.7z
–
Path = study.7z
Type = 7z
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Physical Size = 152
Headers Size = 152
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2
study/d1/d11
study/d1
study
$ 7z u study.7z study/d1/d11/f1.c ~ 更新压缩包中的指定文件
Scanning
Updating archive study.7z
Compressing study/d1/d11/f1.c
Everything is Ok
$ 7z l study.7z ~ 查看压缩包中的目录结构
Listing archive: study.7z
–
Path = study.7z
Type = 7z
Method = LZMA
Solid = -
Blocks = 1
Physical Size = 260
Headers Size = 186
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2
study/d1/d11
study/d1
study
7zip的压缩格式控制
在上述示例中，演示了7z压缩/解压缩指令的使用。在使用7z进行压缩/解压缩时，压缩格式是根据命令中提供的压缩包的文件后缀名来识别的。例如，7z a study.zip study/ 将目录树study按照zip格式进行压缩，7z a study.7z study/将目录树study按照7z格式进行压缩。反之，解压缩时，压缩格式也是根据压缩包文件名后缀自动识别的。
对于7zip和tar的各种压缩格式（tar.gz tar.bz2 tar.xz）之间的兼容，可以参考如下实现。
$ 7z a study4.tar study ~ step1 先按tar格式进行打包
按照实验结果推断，本条指令与tar cf study4.tar study 具有相同效果
Scanning
Creating archive study4.tar
Compressing study
Compressing study/d1
Compressing study/d1/d11
Compressing study/d1/d11/f1.c
Compressing study/d2
Compressing study/d2/f2.php
Everything is Ok
$ 7z a study4.tar.gz study4.tar ~ 将已打包的文件进行按gzip格式压缩
Scanning
Creating archive study4.tar.gz
Compressing study4.tar
Everything is Ok
$tar tf study4.tar ~ 使用tar指令测试文件包，无错误
study/
study/d1/
study/d1/d11/
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2/
study/d2/f2.php
$tar tf study4.tar.gz ~ 使用tar指令测试压缩包，无错误
study/
study/d1/
study/d1/d11/
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2/
study/d2/f2.php
$ rm study -rf
$tar xzvf study4.tar.gz ~ 使用tar解压缩由7z生成的.tar.gz压缩包，成功。
study/
study/d1/
study/d1/d11/
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2/
study/d2/f2.php
$ rm .
$ ls
study
$tar czf study4.tar.gz study ~ 使用tar指令生成.tar.gz格式压缩包
$ 7z x study4.tar.gz ~ 使用7z解压缩tar生成的压缩包，成功
Processing archive: study4.tar.gz
Extracting study4.tar
Everything is Ok
$ 7z x study4.tar ~ 使用7z进一步解压，成功
Processing archive: study4.tar
Extracting study
Extracting study/d1
Extracting study/d1/d11
Extracting study/d1/d11/f1.c
Extracting study/d2
Extracting study/d2/f2.php
Everything is Ok
$
$tar cvf study5.tar study ~ 使用tar创建无压缩的文件包
study/
study/d1/
study/d1/d11/
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2/
study/d2/f2.php
$ 7z a study5.tar.bz2 study5.tar ~ 使用7zip将文件包压缩
Scanning
Creating archive study5.tar.bz2
Compressing study5.tar
Everything is Ok
$tar tf study5.tar.bz2 ~ 使用tar测试压缩包
study/
study/d1/
study/d1/d11/
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2/
study/d2/f2.php
$ 7z x study5.tar.bz2 ~ 使用7zip解压缩压缩包
Processing archive: study5.tar.bz2
file study5.tar
Extracting study5.tar
Everything is Ok
$ rm -rf study
$ 7zx study5.tar ~ 使用7zip还原tar指令生成的文件包
Processing archive: study5.tar
Extracting study
Extracting study/d1
Extracting study/d1/d11
Extracting study/d1/d11/f1.c
Extracting study/d2
Extracting study/d2/f2.php
Everything is Ok
$ rm study -rf
$tar xjvf study5.tar.bz2 ~ 使用tar解压缩tar+7zip生成的.tar.bz2压缩包
study/
study/d1/
study/d1/d11/
study/d1/d11/f1.c
study/d2/
study/d2/f2.php
$