1.常用方法
比如：我们希望对象不但有属性，还希望他有行为。（行为在程序中要靠函数来体现）
(1) 添加speak函数，输出我是一个好人
(2) 添加jisuan函数，可以计算从1+..+1000的结果
(3) 修改jisuan函数，该方法可以接收一个数n,计算从1+..+n的结果
(4) 添加add成员函数，可以计算两个数的和
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1 function Person(name,age){
2 //这个就是使用传入的实际参数，去初始化属性。
3 this.name = name;
4 this.age = age
5 //输出自己的名字,这里 this.show 就是一个公开的函数，函数名是show
6 this.show = function(){
7 document.writeln("名字=" + this.name);
8 }
9
10 //添加jisuan函数，可以计算从1+..+1000的结果
11 this.jisuan = function(){
12 var res = 0;
13 for(var i=0;i<1000;i++)
14 {
15 res+=i;
16 }
17 return res;
18 }
19
20 //修改jisuan函数，该方法可以接收一个数n,计算从1+..+n的结果
21 this.jisuans = function(n){
22 var res = 0;
23 for(var i=0;i<=n;i++)
24 {
25 res+=i;
26 }
27 return res;
28 }
29 }
30
31 var p1 = new Person("宋江",90);
32 p1.show();
33 var p2 = new Person("林冲",72);
34 p2.show();
35 document.writeln("<br/> res=" + p1.jisuan());
36 document.writeln("<br/> res=" + p1.jisuans(100));
37
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2.给对象添加方法还有其它三种方式：
2.1 方式一
function 类名()
{
this.属性;
}
var 对象名 = new 类名();
function 函数名(){
//执行
}
对象名.属性名 = 函数名;//这样就相当于把函数赋给 对象名.属性名，此时这个属性 对象
名.属性名就表示一个函数。
对象名.属性名();
具体案例：
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function Person(){
this.name = "abc";
this.age =900;
}
function show1(){
window.alert("hello" + this.name);
}
//创建一个p1对象
var p1 = new Person();
//把show1函数，给p1.abc
p1.abc = show1; //如果是这样写：p1.abc = show1(),会把show1()的计算结果返回给p1.abc,当前要调用show1()，则返回undefine给p1.abc
p1.abc();//调用
注意：
window.alert(p1.abc); //会输出什么
window.alert(show1) //会输出什么
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p1.abc和show1 输出的都是上图show1的构造函数
2.2 方式二
对象名.属性名 = function(参数列表){
//代码
};
调用
对象名.属性名(实际参数);
具体案例:
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1 function Person(){
2 this.name = "abc";
3 this.age = 900;
4 }
5 var p1 = new Person();
6 p1.abc = function show1(){
7 window.alert("hello" + this.name);
8 };
9 p1.abc();
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2.3 方式三：
前面的几种方法有一个问题，那就每个对象独占函数代码，这样如果对象很多，则会影响效率
，js的设计者，给我们提供另一个方法 原型法：这样多个对象可以共享函数代码：
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1 function Dog(){
2 }
3 //使用prototype[类]去绑定一个函数给shout
4 Dog.prototype.shout = function(){
5 window.alert(‘小狗‘);
6 }
7 var dog1 = new Dog();
8 dog1.shout();
9 var dog2 = new Dog();
10 dog2.shout(); //这里ok
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对代码的原理说明
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//判断dog1和dog2的方法是否调用同一个内存地址的方法
window.alert(dog1.shout == dog2.shout);
=号的作用
(1) 当 == 的两边都是字符串，则比较内容是否相等
(2) 当 == 的两边都是数字，则比较数的大小是否相等
(3) 当 == 是对象 或者是 对象函数，则比较地址是否相等
2.4 案例分析
分析能输出什么？
案例一：
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1 function Person(){
2 this.name = "abc1";
3 this.age = 900;
4 }
5
6 function show1(){
7 window.alert("hello" + this.name); //这里的this 是表示window 对象，没有给window.name 赋值，输出的时候只输出hello。
8 }
9 var p1 =new Person();
10 p1.abc = show1;
11 show1();
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案例二：
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function Person(){
this.name = "abc1";
this.age = 900;
}
var name = "北京"; // 这句话等同于window.name = "北京"function show1(){
window.alert("hello" + this.name); //这里的this 是表示window 对象
}
var p1 = new Person();
p1.abc = show1;
window.show1();
//下面跟案例二没有关系
function Person(){
this.name ="abc";
this.age =900;
this.abc = function(v1,v2){
window.alert(this.name + " " + this.age +" "+v1+" "+v2);
}
}
var p1 = new Person();
p1.abc();
p1.abc("北京"，"天津");
var p2 = new Person();
p2.abc();
p2.abc("南京","东京");
function Person(){
this.name = "abc";
this.age = 900;
this.abc = function(v1,v2){
window.alert(this.name + " " + this.age +" " +v1+" " +v2);
}
}
var p1 = new Person();
p1.name = "中国"; //动态添加一个属性
p1.abc("北京","天津");
var p2 = new Person();
p2.abc("南京","东京");
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每次new一个类的实例后，都会创建两个公共属性name,age和一个公共方法abc()，而不是共享
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1 function Dog(){
2 }
3
4 var dog1 = new Dog();
5 //动态绑定一个函数给shout属性
6 dog1.shout = function(){
7 window.alert(‘小狗‘);
8 }
9
10 dog1.shout();
11
12 var dog2 = new Dog();
1314 dog2.shout();//这里报错
15
16 //希望所有的对象，共享某个函数
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解决方案：
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function Dog(){
}
//使用prototype[类]去绑定一个函数给shout
Dog.prototype.shout = function(){
window.alert(‘小狗‘);
}
var dog1 = new Dog();
dog1.shout();
var dog2 = new Dog();
dog2.shout(); //这里ok
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//判断dog1和dog2的方法是否调用同一个内存地址的方法
window.alert(dog1.shout == dog2.shout);
//扩展
var dog3 = new Dog();
var dog4 = new Dog();
var dog5 = dog4;
window.alert("dog3==dog4" +(dog3==dog4)); //判断对象是否为同一个对象
window.alert("dog5==dog4" +(dog4==dog5)); //判断对象是否为同一个对象
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3、Object 类
3.1 创建Person实例
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/*function Person(){
}
var p1 = new Person();
p1.name ="sp";*/
//初步体验Object类，通过Object直接创建对象。
var p1 = new Object();
p1.name="sp";
window.alert(p1.constructor);
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var i1= new Number(10);
window.alert(i1.constructor);
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var i2 =10;
window.alert(i2.constructor);
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var i=new Number(10);
Number.prototype.add = function(a){
return this + a;
}
window.alert(i.add(10).add(30));
var b = 90;
window.alert(b.add(40));
var arr = new Array(3);
arr[0] = "George";
arr[1] = "John";
arr[2] = "Thomas";
for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
document.writeln(arr[i] +" ");
}
//使用Array提供的方法，颠倒数据。
arr.reverse();
document.writeln("<br/>");
for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
document.writeln(arr[i] +" ");
}
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3.2 加深对类和对象的认识
如何给类添加方法(如何给某类型的所有对象添加方法)
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/*
请思考给js的Array对象扩展一个find(val)方法，
当一个Array对象调用该方法的时候，如果能找到val则返回其下标，否则返回-1
*/
var arr = new Array(3);
arr[0] = "George";
arr[1] = "John";
arr[2] = "Thomas";
//现在我们一起看看如何给所有Array对象添加一个方法find(val);
Array.prototype.find = function(val){
//遍历数组 this
for(var i=0;i<this.length;i++){
if(val == this[i]{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
document.writeln("John 下标 =" +arr.find("John"));
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3.3 成员函数-细节
3.3.1 成员函数的参数可以是多个
比如：function 函数名(参数1...){}
3.3.2 成员函数可以有返回值，也可以没有，但是有的话，最大只能有一个
3.3.3 js中不支持函数的重载，具体案例如下：
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1 function test(a,b,c){
2 window.alert("hello");
3 }
4
5 function test (a){
6 window.alert(a);
7 }
8
//三个同名的函数，后面的函数会覆盖前面的函数，js中没有重载的概念，只会执行下面标红的函数
9 function test(a,b){
10 window.alert(a + "" + b);
11 }
12 //test(23);
13 window.test(3,"hello");
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14
15 //结论：js在调用一个函数的时候，是根据函数名来调用。如果有个多个函数名相同，则认最后那个函数。
16
17 function abc(){
18 var s=0;
19 for(var i=0;i<arguments.length;i++){
20 s+=arguments[i]; //arguments[i]的下标是从1开始的，而不是0
21 }
22 return s;
23 }
24 window.alert(abc(1,2));
25 window.alert(abc(7,8,9));
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