四周第一次课(4月11日)
4.10/4.11/4.12 lvm讲解
4.13 磁盘故障小案例准备磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
n 创建三个新分区,分别1G
t 改变分区类型为8e准备物理卷
pvcreate /dev/sdb1
pvcreate /dev/sdb2
pvcreate /dev/sdb3pvdisplay/pvs 列出当前的物理卷
pvremove /dev/sdb3 删除物理卷准备卷组
vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
vgdisplay /vgs列出卷组
vgremove vg1 删除物理卷创建逻辑卷
lvcreate -L 200M -n lv1 vg1
lvdisplay 列出逻辑卷
格式化mkfs.xfs /dev/vg1/lv1,再挂载
lvremove /dev/vg1/lv1 删除逻辑卷扩容逻辑卷
lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 检查磁盘错误 (ext4执行)
resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 更新逻辑卷信息(ext4执行)
xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1 xfs文件系统需要执行缩减逻辑卷(xfs不支持 )
先umount
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 检查磁盘错误(ext)
resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 100M 更新逻辑卷信息(ext)
lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小扩展卷组
fdisk /dev/sdb 新增/dev/sdb5(逻辑分区8e) 2G
pvcreate /dev/sdb5
vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb5
lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
Lvm
1.创建物理分区;
2.物理分区设置成物理卷;
3.物理卷设置成卷组;
4.卷组划分成逻辑卷,
5.然后再格式化,挂载
先创建3个分区,在分区的时候按创建分区,按t设置分区类型8e 为lvm;最后按w保存退出。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4,默认 1):
起始 扇区 (2048-20971519,默认为 2048):
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xaf7cf105
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
已选择分区 1
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xaf7cf105
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (2-4,默认 2):
起始 扇区 (2099200-20971519,默认为 2099200):
将使用默认值 2099200
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
分区 2 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
分区号 (1,2,默认 2):
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xaf7cf105
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (3,4,默认 3):
起始 扇区 (4196352-20971519,默认为 4196352):
将使用默认值 4196352
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
分区号 (1-3,默认 3):
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xaf7cf105
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 8e Linux LVM
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
fdisk -l /dev/sdb 查看分区信息
[root@yong-01 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xaf7cf105
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 8e Linux LVM
1.创建物理卷
需要安装命令:pvcreate
小知识:如果只知道命令,不知道这个命令是那个包安装的,可以使用命令:yum provides /*/[命令] 来查找命令是那个包安装的。
[root@yong-01 ~]# yum provides /*/pvcreate
已加载插件:fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 129 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.6 MB 00:00:02
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.cn99.com
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 486 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.1 MB 00:00:01
1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch : Programmable completion for Bash
源 :base
匹配来源:
文件名 :/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/pvcreate
7:lvm2-2.02.171-8.el7.x86_64 : Userland logical volume management tools
源 :base
匹配来源:
文件名 :/usr/sbin/pvcreate
lvm2-2.02.171-8.el7.x86_64 这个就是包名。
[root@yong-01 ~]# yum install -y lvm2
- 安装完使用命令:pvcreate 创建物理卷
[root@yong-01 ~]# ls /dev/sdb1 ##如果没有生成/dev/sdb1这个文件 需要运行partprobe这个命令
/dev/sdb1
[root@yong-01 ~]# partprobe
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
- 物理卷创建完后,使用命令:pvdisplay或者pvs来查看信息:
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name centos
PV Size 17.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4557
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 4557
PV UUID QKR4ER-jzMu-4zPP-NLgf-bjo3-RzrU-GrPErX
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID ZRaePR-7gty-X2xy-cGpx-7oau-nC33-gbcefq
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID FdaGe0-oF2j-pJeE-3pcq-PAyW-In9e-amjuzN
"/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb3
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Kns3x0-s0f6-fyEg-3WzD-B6Pe-zSUh-eyGXZd
[root@yong-01 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda3 centos lvm2 a-- 17.80g 0
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
- pvremove /dev/sdb3 删除物理卷
2.创建卷组
- 命令:vgcreate来创建卷组,可以1或者多个物理卷来创建1个卷组;
- 格式:vgcreate [卷组名] dev/sdb1 多个物理卷用空格隔开;
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volume group "vg1" successfully created
- 用命令:vgdisplay 或者vgs来查看信息:
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 1.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 510
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 510 / 1.99 GiB
VG UUID RC1vHd-zh2h-JifL-yGDO-QNTi-5AcO-eag05L
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 17.80 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 4557
Alloc PE / Size 4557 / 17.80 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 15vFgO-fUbn-cndJ-6gMv-NyVd-DmVX-VwtTix
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 1 0 wz--n- 17.80g 0
vg1 2 0 0 wz--n- 1.99g 1.99g
- vgremove vg1 删除物理卷
3.创建逻辑卷
- 命令:lvcreate
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1
Logical volume "lv1" created.
- 命令:lvdisplay或者lvs来查看信息
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/lv1
LV Name lv1
VG Name vg1
LV UUID k8cYdq-wwBa-0xvr-mrMh-AfuX-4PoO-M4RMqF
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time yong-01, 2018-04-10 23:19:23 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 100.00 MiB
Current LE 25
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID LrXsni-9dmO-H5L7-ChI4-Hvzk-dPQs-kg1FKu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-03-06 20:09:23 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 17.80 GiB
Current LE 4557
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g
lv1 vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m
4.格式化成ext4
[root@yong-01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
25688 inodes, 102400 blocks
5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
13 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1976 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
5.挂载:mount
[root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt
[root@yong-01 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.3G 17G 8% /
devtmpfs 482M 0 482M 0% /dev
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 95M 53% /boot
tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 93M 1.6M 85M 2% /mnt
[root@yong-01 mnt]# mkdir 1122
[root@yong-01 mnt]# touch 23.txt
[root@yong-01 mnt]# ls
1122 23.txt lost+found
[root@yong-01 mnt]# echo "sadq" > 23.txt
[root@yong-01 mnt]# cat 23.txt
sadq
扩容逻辑卷
- ext4系统类型扩容前要先卸载挂载点
[root@yong-01 mnt]# umount -l /mnt
- 命令:lvresize -L 来扩容,重新设置卷大小
[root@yong-01 mnt]# lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/lv1
New size (50 extents) matches existing size (50 extents).
- e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 检查磁盘错误 (ext4执行)
[root@yong-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
第二步: 检查目录结构
第3步: 检查目录连接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 检查簇概要信息
/dev/vg1/lv1: 13/25688 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 8898/102400 blocks
- resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 更新逻辑卷信息(ext4执行)
[root@yong-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 204800 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 204800 blocks long.
- 挂载 内容没少,也没变化 磁盘大小增加了100M
[root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt
[root@yong-01 ~]# ls /mnt
1122 23.txt lost+found
[root@yong-01 ~]# cat /mnt/23.txt
sadq
[root@yong-01 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.3G 17G 8% /
devtmpfs 482M 0 482M 0% /dev
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 95M 53% /boot
tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /mnt
扩容之前创建的文件还存在,说明扩容不影响之前的文件。
缩减逻辑卷
- 先卸载挂载点
[root@yong-01 ~]# umount /mnt/
- e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1 检查磁盘错误(ext)
[root@yong-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
第二步: 检查目录结构
第3步: 检查目录连接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 检查簇概要信息
/dev/vg1/lv1: 13/49400 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 11886/204800 blocks
- resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 100M 更新逻辑卷信息(ext)
[root@yong-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 100M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 102400 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 102400 blocks long.
- lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
查看信息
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g
lv1 vg1 -wi-a----- 200.00m
- 挂载
[root@yong-01 ~]# ls /mnt/
[root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt
[root@yong-01 ~]# ls /mnt
1122 23.txt lost+found
并不会因缩容导致文件丢失
Xfs类型来扩容
- 先卸载挂载点
[root@yong-01 ~]# umount /mnt
- 设置文件类型
[root@yong-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/lv1
meta-data=/dev/vg1/lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=12800 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=51200, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g
lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 200.00m
[root@yong-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt
[root@yong-01 ~]# touch /mnt/yyl.txt
[root@yong-01 ~]# echo "aaa" > /mnt/yyl.txt
[root@yong-01 ~]# cat /mnt/yyl.txt
aaa
- lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/lv1;扩容300M
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvresize -L 300 /dev/vg1/lv1
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 300.00 MiB (75 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g
lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 300.00m
4.xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1; xfs文件系统需要执行
[root@yong-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=12800 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=51200, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 51200 to 76800
[root@yong-01 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.3G 17G 8% /
devtmpfs 482M 0 482M 0% /dev
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 103M 95M 53% /boot
tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 297M 11M 287M 4% /mnt
卷组扩容
- 逻辑卷最大扩容到卷组的大小,当逻辑卷扩容到卷组大小的时候,就要想办法给卷组扩容,之前用/dev/sdb1和/dev/sdb2组成的卷组vg1,我们现在见/dev/sdb3加进来
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb3
Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
[root@yong-01 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 1 0 wz--n- 17.80g 0
vg1 3 1 0 wz--n- <2.99g <2.70g
- lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 100.00 MiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 300.00 MiB (75 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[root@yong-01 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
root centos -wi-ao---- 17.80g
lv1 vg1 -wi-ao---- 100.00m
磁盘故障 多半是因为磁盘挂载出现问题
- 输入root账号密码
- vi /etc/fstab 删除最下面一行(自己挂载的磁盘),保存退出
- 重启服务器reboot