BIO、NIO和AIO的学习与实现

1.BIO、NIO和AIO的概念:

BIO (Blocking I/O):同步阻塞I/O模式。

NIO (New I/O):同步非阻塞模式。

AIO (Asynchronous I/O):异步非阻塞I/O模型。

2.举例说明:以在厨房烧一壶水为例子。

同步阻塞模式(BIO):这种模式下,我们的工作模式是先来到厨房,开始烧水,并坐在水壶面前一直等着水烧开。

同步非阻塞模式(NIO):这种模式下,我们的工作模式是先来到厨房,开始烧水,但是我们不一直坐在水壶前面等,而是回到客厅看电视,然后每隔几分钟到厨房看一下水有没有烧开。

异步非阻塞I/O模型(AIO):这种模式下,我们的工作模式是先来到厨房,开始烧水,我们不一一直坐在水壶前面等,也不隔一段时间去看一下,而是在客厅看电视,水壶上面有个开关,水烧开之后他会通知我。

阻塞VS非阻塞:人是否坐在水壶前面一直等。

同步VS异步:水壶是不是在水烧开之后主动通知人。

3.适用场景

BIO方式适用于连接数目比较小且固定的架构,这种方式对服务器资源要求比较高,并发局限于应用中,JDK1.4以前的唯一选择,但程序直观简单易理解。

NIO方式适用于连接数目多且连接比较短(轻操作)的架构,比如聊天服务器,并发局限于应用中,编程比较复杂,JDK1.4开始支持。

AIO方式适用于连接数目多且连接比较长(重操作)的架构,比如相册服务器,充分调用OS参与并发操作,编程比较复杂,JDK7开始支持。

4.代码实现

使用BIO实现文件的读取和写入。

//Initializes The Object
User1 user = new User1();
user.setName("hollis");
user.setAge(23);
System.out.println(user);

//Write Obj to File
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
try {
    oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("tempFile"));
    oos.writeObject(user);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    IOUtils.closeQuietly(oos);
}

//Read Obj from File
File file = new File("tempFile");
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
    ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
    User1 newUser = (User1) ois.readObject();
    System.out.println(newUser);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    IOUtils.closeQuietly(ois);
    try {
        FileUtils.forceDelete(file);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

//Initializes The Object
User1 user = new User1();
user.setName("hollis");
user.setAge(23);
System.out.println(user);

//Write Obj to File
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
try {
    oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("tempFile"));
    oos.writeObject(user);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    IOUtils.closeQuietly(oos);
}

//Read Obj from File
File file = new File("tempFile");
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try {
    ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
    User1 newUser = (User1) ois.readObject();
    System.out.println(newUser);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
    IOUtils.closeQuietly(ois);
    try {
        FileUtils.forceDelete(file);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

使用NIO实现文件的读取和写入。

static void readNIO() {
        String pathname = "C:\\Users\\adew\\Desktop\\jd-gui.cfg";
        FileInputStream fin = null;
        try {
            fin = new FileInputStream(new File(pathname));
            FileChannel channel = fin.getChannel();

            int capacity = 100;// 字节
            ByteBuffer bf = ByteBuffer.allocate(capacity);
            int length = -1;

            while ((length = channel.read(bf)) != -1) {

                bf.clear();
                byte[] bytes = bf.array();
                System.out.write(bytes, 0, length);
                System.out.println();
            }

            channel.close();

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fin != null) {
                try {
                    fin.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    static void writeNIO() {
        String filename = "out.txt";
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {

            fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(filename));
            FileChannel channel = fos.getChannel();
            ByteBuffer src = Charset.forName("utf8").encode("你好你好你好你好你好");
            int length = 0;

            while ((length = channel.write(src)) != 0) {
                System.out.println("写入长度:" + length);
            }

        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

使用AIO实现文件的读取和写入

public class ReadFromFile {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Path file = Paths.get("/usr/a.txt");
    AsynchronousFileChannel channel = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(file);

    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100_000);
    Future<Integer> result = channel.read(buffer, 0);

    while (!result.isDone()) {
      ProfitCalculator.calculateTax();
    }
    Integer bytesRead = result.get();
    System.out.println("Bytes read [" + bytesRead + "]");
  }
}
class ProfitCalculator {
  public ProfitCalculator() {
  }
  public static void calculateTax() {
  }
}

public class WriteToFile {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel = AsynchronousFileChannel.open(
        Paths.get("/asynchronous.txt"), StandardOpenOption.READ,
        StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
    CompletionHandler<Integer, Object> handler = new CompletionHandler<Integer, Object>() {

      @Override
      public void completed(Integer result, Object attachment) {
        System.out.println("Attachment: " + attachment + " " + result
            + " bytes written");
        System.out.println("CompletionHandler Thread ID: "
            + Thread.currentThread().getId());
      }

      @Override
      public void failed(Throwable e, Object attachment) {
        System.err.println("Attachment: " + attachment + " failed with:");
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    };

    System.out.println("Main Thread ID: " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
    fileChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("Sample".getBytes()), 0, "First Write",
        handler);
    fileChannel.write(ByteBuffer.wrap("Box".getBytes()), 0, "Second Write",
        handler);

  }
}

此博客引用自:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/djNK6-2kOJx1wbdnZjWdRg

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