mysql的四种连接方式：
一、我们平时用的：
实际上 这种方式就是通过本地sock连接
mysql -utest -ptest
看到红线部分是@localhost
二、通过端口连接
需要加端口号，ip地址
mysql -utest -ptest -h127.0.0.1 -P3307
MySQL除了最常见的TCP连接方式外，还提供SOCKET（LINUX默认连接方式）、PIPE和SHARED MEMORY连接方式。
各连接方式的服务器、客户端启动选项，及连接默认值见下表：
TCP连接（Linux，Windows）：
目标 启动选项 默认值
SERVER --port=PORT 3306
CLIENT --protocol=TCP --port=PORT 3306
SOCKET连接（Linux）：
目标 启动选项 默认值
SERVER --enable-named-pipe --socket=SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock
CLIENT --protocol=SOCKET --socket=SOCKET /tmp/mysql.sock
PIPE连接（Windows）：
目标 启动选项 默认值
SERVER --enable-named-pipe --socket=SOCKET MYSQL
CLIENT --protocol=PIPE --socket=SOCKET MYSQL
SHARED MEMORY连接（Windows）：
目标 启动选项 默认值
SERVER --shared-memory --shared-memory-base-name=MEMORY MySQL
CLIENT --protocol=MEMORY --shared-memory-base-name=MEMORY MySQL
其他的一些方式的详细说明和举例：
原文网址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yingdiblog/p/7011054.html
1、mysqld
启动mysql服务器:./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root
客户端连接:
mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
or
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock
2、mysqld_safe
启动mysql服务器:./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root &
客户端连接:
mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
or
mysql -S /tm/mysql.sock
3、mysql.server
cp -v /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
chkconfig --add mysql.server
启动mysql服务器:service mysql.server {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}
客户端连接:同1、2
注：有些机器不行。
4、mysqld_multi
mkdir $MYSQL_BASE/data2
cat /etc/my.cnf
得到结果：
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /user/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user = mysqladmin
password = mysqladmin
[mysqld3306]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /tmp/mysql3306.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
[mysqld3307]
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /tmp/mysql3307.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2
#mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
mysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘mysqladmin’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘mysqladmin’ with grant option;
#mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
mysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘mysqladmin’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘mysqladmin’ with grant option;
启动mysql服务器:./mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf start 3306-3307
关闭mysql服务器:mysqladmin shutdown
