ssh免密码登录,公钥登录

SSH 是开源的,是用于远程登录的最为可靠的网络协议。系统管理员用它来执行命令,以及通过 SCP 协议在网络上向另一台电脑传输文件。

通过配置 SSH 免密码登录,你可以享受到如下的便利:

  • 用脚本实现日常工作的自动化。
  • 增强 Linux 服务器的安全性。这是防范虚拟专用服务器(VPS)遭受暴力破解攻击的一个推荐的方法,SSH 密钥单凭暴力破解是几乎不可攻破的。

什么是 ssh-keygen

ssh-keygen 是一个用来生成、创建和管理 SSH 认证用的公私钥的工具。通过 ssh-keygen 命令,用户可以创建支持SSH1 和 SSH2 两个协议的密钥。ssh-keygen 为 SSH1 协议创建 RSA 密钥,SSH2 则可以是 RSA 或 DSA。

什么是 ssh-copy-id

ssh-copy-id 是用来将本地公钥拷贝到远程的 authorized_keys 文件的脚本命令,它还会将身份标识文件追加到远程机器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中,并给远程主机的用户主目录适当的的权限。

SSH 密钥

SSH 密钥为登录 Linux 服务器提供了更好且安全的机制。运行 ssh-keygen 后,将会生成公私密钥对。你可以将公钥放置到任意服务器,从持有私钥的客户端连接到服务器的时,会用它来解锁。两者匹配时,系统无需密码就能解除锁定。

在 CentOS 和 RHEL 上设置免密码登录 SSH

以下步骤在 CentOS 5/6/7、RHEL 5/6/7 和 Oracle Linux 6/7 上测试通过。

节点1 : 192.168.0.9 节点2 : 192.168.l.10

简单示例:

在hdp1 172.16.1.124(Monitor)上用root用户执行:


ssh-keygen -t rsa
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]

详细讲解:

步骤1 :

测试节点1到节点2的连接和访问:

1.  `[root@node1 ~]#  ssh [email protected]

 `The authenticity of host '192.168.0.10 (192.168.0.10)' can't be established.`
 `RSA key fingerprint is 6d:8f:63:9b:3b:63:e1:72:b3:06:a4:e4:f4:37:21:42.`
 `Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes`
 `Warning: Permanently added '192.168.0.10' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.`
 `[email protected]'s password:`
 `Last  login:  Thu  Dec  10  22:04:55  2015  from  192.168.0.1`
 `[root@node2 ~]#`

步骤二:

使用 ssh-keygen -t rsa 命令生成公钥和私钥,这里要注意的是可以对私钥进行加密保护以增强安全性。 

1.  `[root@node1 ~]#  ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:16BxFzBiqvKoFyELPpl2pSL1udamvOuckW5yd7WDntc [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|        o o..    |
|       o . . .   |
|      . . o .    |
|o o  o   + +     |
|o++o+.  S . .    |
|oB.*o.   ..      |
|o =.+o   o o     |
| .o+=o+ o.+ E    |
|.. *X* oo. .     |
+----[SHA256]-----+


步骤三:

用 ssh-copy-id 命令将公钥复制或上传到远程主机,并将身份标识文件追加到节点2的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 中:

在192.168.0.9 上用root用户执行

[root@node1 ~]#  ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.


然后在需要添加信任的机器重复上述操作

步骤四:

验证免密码 SSH 登录节点2:

1.  `[root@node1 ~]#  ssh [email protected]

 `Last  login:  Sun  Dec  13  14:03:20  2015  from www.ehowstuff.local`

我希望这篇文章能帮助到你,为你提供 SSH 免密码登录 CentOS / RHEL 的基本认知和快速指南。



 

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_38860565/article/details/103098844