mysql执行sql及慢查询监控

其他 2020-04-02 15:46:18 阅读次数: 0

【前言】

mysql可以记录用户执行的sql：记录到文件、表格

mysql可以定义执行多少时间以上得sql属于慢查询，也会根据配置，记录相关信息到文件、表格

【背景说明】

公司想监控记录每天执行了哪些sql，哪些sql是慢查询，然后去优化sql

【技术说明】

其实只要搞清楚了mysql怎样记录执行sql的

怎样记录慢查询的即可

接下来就是写代码去梳理成报告，我这里使用的是python

【技术细节】

1、修改my.cnf

#整体的效果，全局开启表和日志文件都写，对于general_log,slow_query_log，表和日志文件都记录。

general_log=1#开启mysql执行sql的日志
slow_query_log=1#开启mysql慢sql的日志

#设置之后会影响general_log和slow_query_log，

log_output=table,File#日志输出会写表，也会写日志文件，为了便于程序去统计，所以最好写表

#这里没配置general_log_file，那么general_log就只会写表了

#在mysql5.1.29以上，设置以下即可打开mysql将执行的sql记录在文件中

general_log_file=/log/general.log

#5.1.29以以前为：

#log=/var/lib/mysql/sql_row.log

long_query_time=1#设置mysql的慢查询为超过1s的查询
slow_query_log_file=/log/slow.log

2、修改mysql的日志表（在mysql库中）的格式

#默认general_log是csv的格式，修改为MyISAM格式查询效率会高很多

set global general_log = off;
alter table general_log engine = MyISAM;#不能使用innodb的形式
set global general_log = on;

#默认general_log是csv的格式，修改为MyISAM格式查询效率会高很多

set global slow_query_log = off;等于0效果一样
alter table slow_log engine = MyISAM;#不能使用innodb的形式
set global slow_query_log = on;等于1效果一样

3、因为mysql的日志表：general_log和slow_query_log不允许修改，所以需要新建出一个便于删除修改的表（这个日志表太大，需要定期清理n天前得数据）

3.1建立slow_log_dba的表

CREATE TABLE `slow_log_dba` (
  `start_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `user_host` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `query_time` time NOT NULL,
  `lock_time` time NOT NULL,
  `rows_sent` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `rows_examined` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `db` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
  `last_insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `sql_text` mediumtext NOT NULL
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='Slow log for dba';

3.2建立general_log_dba的表

CREATE TABLE `general_log_dba` (
  `event_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `user_host` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  `thread_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  `command_type` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `argument` mediumtext NOT NULL,
  KEY `user_host` (`user_host`(200)),
  KEY `event_time` (`event_time`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='general log for dba op';

4、因为程序最终使用的general_log_dba和slow_log_dba的表，所以需要定时的将general_log和slow_query_log的数据拷贝到general_log_dba和slow_log_dba之中

因为报告是每天生成一次，所以这个动作只要每天操作一次即可

#脚本是保存10天得数据，每天将general_log和slow_query_log的数据拷贝到general_log_dba和slow_log_dba之中

#做定时任务每天执行一次
mysqllogtable.sh
#!/bin/sh
NDaysAgo=$(date -d '-10 days' "+%F %H:%M:%S")
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -uXXXX  -p'xxxxxxxx' -D'mysql' -e "insert general_log_dba select * from  general_log;truncate general_log;delete from general_log_dba where event_time < \"$NDaysAgo\";insert slow_log_dba select * from  slow_log;truncate slow_log;delete from slow_log_dba where start_time < \"$NDaysAgo\""

5、python脚本写统计每天sql操作和每天的mysql的慢查询(脚本中有部分是可以抽象的方法，请自己酌情处理)

5.1统计mysql每日执行记录的脚本

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'river'
import MySQLdb as mysql
import re
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip):
    try:
        yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        sender = '[email protected]'
        receiver = ['[email protected]']
        subject = myip+' mysql operation report '+yestoday
        smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.xx.com'
        username = '[email protected]'
        password = 'xxxxx'
        msg = MIMEText(mailcontent,'html','utf-8')#'你好','text','utf-8'
        msg['Subject'] = subject
        msg['From'] = sender
        msg['To'] = '[email protected]'
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
        smtp.connect(smtpserver)
        smtp.login(username, password)
        smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
    except Exception, e:
        print e,'send mail error'
if __name__=='__main__':
    result=None
    htmlfile='mysqlLogMon.html'
    myiplist=['192.168.10.10','192.168.10.19']
    yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
    today=datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
    for myip in myiplist:
        sql="select user_host,argument from general_log_dba where event_time >='%s' and event_time <='%s'" %(yestoday,today)
        try:
            dbcon = mysql.connect(host=myip, user='xxxxx', passwd='xxxxx', db='mysql', port=3306,charset='utf8')
            cur = dbcon.cursor()
            print "step 1,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            cur.execute(sql)
            result = cur.fetchall()
            cur.close()
            dbcon.close()
        except Exception, e:
            print e,'conn mysql error'
        user_host_set=set()
        print "step 2,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        allhash={}
        if result:
            for user_host,argument in result:
                argument_delcom=re.compile(r'(\/\*(\s|.)*?\*\/)').sub("",argument).strip().replace(u"\x00",'').lower()
                if re.compile(r'^access.*').match(argument_delcom) or re.compile(r'^.*@.*on.*').match(argument_delcom) or re.compile(r'^grant.*').match(argument_delcom):
                    tmpargument=argument_delcom.strip()
                else:
                    tmpargument=argument_delcom.split(' ')[0].strip()
                    if len(tmpargument)>30:
                        #有些sql是u'select\n\t\t\t\t\tcount(m.enquirymainid)'，可以使用print repr(tmpargument)
                        tmpargument=argument_delcom.split('\n')[0].strip()
                #如果全是注释，那么就不统计这条目了
                if not tmpargument or tmpargument.strip()=='' or tmpargument.strip()==' ':
                    continue
                if allhash.has_key(user_host):
                    allhash[user_host][tmpargument]=allhash[user_host].get(tmpargument,0)+1
                else:
                    allhash[user_host]={tmpargument:1}
            print "step 3,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            headhtml='''<!DOCTYPE html><html class=" MacOS"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><style type="text/css">
         #customers {
            FONT-FAMILY: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse
        }
         #customers TD {
            BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
        }
         #customers TH {
            BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
        }
         #customers THEAD {
            FONT-SIZE: 1.0em; COLOR: #fff; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a7c942
        }
         #customers TR.alt TD {
            COLOR: #000; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eaf2d3
        }
        </style>
            </head><body>
            <table id="customers" align="center" style="width:85%;">
                        <thead><tr align="left">
                            <td>用户</td>
                            <td>执行sql</td>
                            <td>执行次数</td>
                        </tr></thead><tbody>'''
            print "step 4,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            with open(htmlfile,'w') as htmlfileobj:
                htmlfileobj.write(headhtml)
                htmlfileobj.flush()
            print "step 5,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            with open(htmlfile,'a') as htmlfileobj:
                for hostkey in allhash.keys():
                    listtmp=sorted(allhash[hostkey].iteritems(),key=lambda labkey:labkey[1],reverse=True)
                    rowspan=len(allhash[hostkey])
                    #htmlfileobj.write()
                    tmpline='<tr><td rowspan=%s align="left">%s</td>' %(rowspan,hostkey.encode('utf-8'))
                    htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
                    countn=0
                    for runsql,count in listtmp:
                        if countn==0:
                            tmpline='<td align="left">%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>' %(runsql.encode('utf-8'),count)
                        else:
                            tmpline='<tr><td align="left">%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>' %(runsql.encode('utf-8'),count)
                        countn+=1
                        htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
                tmpline='''</tbody></table></html>'''
                htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
            with open(htmlfile,'r') as htmlfileobj:
                mailcontent=htmlfileobj.read()
            sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip)
        else:
            print 'sql result is None,exit ing'
        print "step 6,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

5.2统计mysql每日慢sql的脚本

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'river'
import MySQLdb as mysql
import re
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip):
    try:
        yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
        sender = '[email protected]'
        receiver = ['[email protected]']
        subject = myip+' mysql operation report '+yestoday
        smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.xx.com'
        username = '[email protected]'
        password = 'xxxxx'
        msg = MIMEText(mailcontent,'html','utf-8')#'你好','text','utf-8'
        msg['Subject'] = subject
        msg['From'] = sender
        msg['To'] = '[email protected]'
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
        smtp.connect(smtpserver)
        smtp.login(username, password)
        smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
    except Exception, e:
        print e,'send mail error'
if __name__=='__main__':
    result=None
    htmlfile='mysqlSlowMon.html'
    myiplist=['192.168.10.10','192.168.10.19']
    yestoday=(datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
    today=datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")
    for myip in myiplist:
        sql="select start_time,user_host,query_time,lock_time,rows_sent,sql_text from slow_log_dba where start_time >='%s' and start_time <='%s' order by query_time desc limit 500" %(yestoday,today)
        try:
            dbcon = mysql.connect(host=myip, user='xxx', passwd='xxxxxx', db='mysql', port=3306,charset='utf8')
            cur = dbcon.cursor()
            print "step 1,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            cur.execute(sql)
            result = cur.fetchall()
            cur.close()
            dbcon.close()
        except Exception, e:
            print e,'conn mysql error'
        print "step 2,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
        if result:
            headhtml='''<!DOCTYPE html><html class=" MacOS"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><style type="text/css">
         #customers {
            FONT-FAMILY: "Trebuchet MS", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; WIDTH: 100%; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse
        }
         #customers TD {
            BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
        }
         #customers TH {
            BORDER-TOP: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: #98bf21 1px solid; BORDER-BOTTOM: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 3px; PADDING-LEFT: 7px; BORDER-LEFT: #98bf21 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 7px
        }
         #customers THEAD {
            FONT-SIZE: 1.0em; COLOR: #fff; PADDING-BOTTOM: 4px; TEXT-ALIGN: left; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #a7c942
        }
         #customers TR.alt TD {
            COLOR: #000; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #eaf2d3
        }
        </style>
            </head><body>
            <table id="customers" align="center" style="width:90%;">
                        <thead><tr align="left">
                            <td>执行时间</td>
                            <td>用户</td>
                            <td>查询时长/s</td>
                            <td>加锁时长/s</td>
                            <td>发送行数目/line</td>
                            <td>执行sql</td>
                        </tr></thead><tbody>'''
            with open(htmlfile,'w') as htmlfileobj:
                htmlfileobj.write(headhtml)
                htmlfileobj.flush()
            for start_time,user_host,query_time,lock_time,rows_sent,sql_text in result:
                sql=re.compile(r'(\/\*(\s|.)*?\*\/)').sub("",sql_text)[0:150].replace(u"\x00",'').strip()
                if not sql or sql.strip()=='' or sql.strip()==' ':
                    continue
                with open(htmlfile,'a') as htmlfileobj:
                    tmpstring='<tr align="left"><td>'+str(start_time)+'</td><td>'+user_host+'</td><td>'+str(query_time)+'</td><td>'+str(lock_time)+'</td><td>'+str(rows_sent)+'</td><td>'+sql+'</td></tr>'
                    htmlfileobj.write(tmpstring)
            with open(htmlfile,'a') as htmlfileobj:
                tmpline='''</tbody></table></html>'''
                htmlfileobj.write(tmpline)
            with open(htmlfile,'r') as htmlfileobj:
                mailcontent=htmlfileobj.read()
            print "step 3,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            sendHtmlMail(mailcontent,myip)
        else:
            print 'sql result is None,exit ing'
        print "step 4,"+myip+','+datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

【小结】

其实本功能技术难度不高，但是需要对mysql日志记录集python有一定的了解。

jerry-89
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