本文总结了在CentOS7上使用 LOAD DATA <LOCAL> INFILE 语句向MySQL8.0数据库导入txt文件和csv文件数据的方法和遇到的错误。由于两者方法一样，就先介绍导入txt文件的操作和错误，csv的直接在最后附上命令和简要说明。
原始数据
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | 1997-12-09 | ||
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 |
准备txt文件
将空值用\N代替，每行数据内的分隔符为\t，行与行之间换行符为\r\n。然后将txt文件存放到/var/lib/mysql-files路径下。
准备数据表
mysql> use testdb2;
mysql> create table tbl_pet (
-> name varchar(10),
-> owner varchar(10),
-> species varchar(10),
-> sex varchar(1),
-> birth date,
-> death date)CHARSET = utf8;
导入数据
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/pet.txt' INTO TABLE tbl_pet LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n';
导入后结果：
mysql> select * from tbl_pet;
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)可以向表内继续导入新的数据，会自动追加在原有记录的后面。
错误小结：
#Issue1：ERROR 1148 (42000): The used command is not allowed with this MySQL version
错误语句：mysql> LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE '/var/lib/mysql/pet.txt' INTO TABLE tbl_pet;
出错原因：多了一个LOCAL关键词。当文件在客户机端时要写LOCAL，在服务器端时不用写。我的txt文件是和MySQL数据库在同一虚拟机上的，所以不用加LOCAL。
#Issue2：ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement
出错原因：MySQL设置了secure-file-priv属性对应的路径，当数据文件从其他路径导入时便会报错。
解决办法：查看secure-file-priv指定路径并把数据文件放进去。参考https://blog.csdn.net/FallingU/article/details/75675220
mysql> show variables like '%secure%';
+--------------------------+-----------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+
| secure_file_priv | /var/lib/mysql-files/ |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+
#Issue3：ERROR 1292 (22007): Incorrect date value: '' for column 'death' at row 1
出错原因：一开始直接把原始表格里的数据复制到txt文件里没有处理，空值的地方是空的，不符合MySQL里空值的表示方式，所以报错。
解决办法：将空值用\N代替。参考https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/loading-tables.html
#Issue4：使用 LOAD DATA INFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/pet.txt' INTO TABLE tbl_pet; 导入数据仍然失败
错误提示：' for column 'death' at row 1 date value: 'N
出错原因：fields terminated by 默认值是'\t'，lines terminated by 默认值是'\n'，而Windows上的文件换行是'\r\n'，Mac OS X是'\r'。
解决办法：加上LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n'，如下：
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/pet.txt' INTO TABLE tbl_pet LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n';
导入csv文件数据
原始数据文件：来源https://blog.csdn.net/u013378642/article/details/80952849
mysql> use testdb;
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_testdb |
+------------------+
| movie_tbl |
+------------------+
mysql> desc movie_tbl;
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| movie_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| movie_name | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
| movie_score | float unsigned | YES | | NULL | |
| region | varchar(16) | YES | | NULL | |
| year | year(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| movie_type | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| director | varchar(80) | YES | | NULL | |
| actor | varchar(60) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/var/lib/mysql-files/Movies.csv' INTO TABLE movie_tbl
-> CHARACTER SET utf8
-> FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
-> LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n'
-> IGNORE 1 LINES
-> (movie_id,movie_name,movie_score,region,year,movie_type,director,actor);
补充说明：
1. CHARACTER SET utf8：因为有中文数据，所以指定utf-8编码。
2. FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','：csv文件以 ',' 分隔数据。
3. IGNORE 1 LINES：跳过原始文件中的第一行表头数据。如果不写，表头也会被当作数据导入。如果要跳过从头开始的多行，可以改变LINES前面的数字。
4. 要导入数据的字段放在最后，将字段顺序和原始文件里的顺序保持一致。
The End ~
