Java 重写hashCode()与equals()

为什么要重写hashCode() 和 equals()

equals()

默认的Object类里面equals()方法是根据对象所在的内存来做判断的，如果两个对象引用指向的是同一个内存，则返回true，但是，在某些场景一下，我们不想这么苛刻，比如是String类的equals()，只是判断了String.value的值，String其它的属性是不参与判断的，所以我们比较字符串的时候只是比较其中的内容，下面是String的equals()方法和hashCode()方法。

public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String anotherString = (String)anObject;
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
                char v1[] = value;
                char v2[] = anotherString.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {
                    if (v1[i] != v2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

public int hashCode() {
    int h = hash;
    if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
        char val[] = value;

        for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
            h = 31 * h + val[i];
        }
        hash = h;
    }
    return h;
}

 hashCode()

一般而言，默认的hashCode()方法会返回一个与对象的内存地址相关的值，有时候直接就是内存地址；所以，如何两个对象的hashCode()不相等，则它们肯定是不相等；但反过来，如果两个对象的hashCode(）相等，它们不一定是相等的。

如果我们创建了属于自己的Class，还使用默认的hashCode()方法，那就可以出错，特别是在使用该Class作为HashMap的Key的时候。

重写hashCode()的基本原则

该基本原则是参考《Effective Java》Joshua Bloch's recipe

A、初始化一个整形变量，为此变量赋予一个非零的常数值，比如int result = 17;
B、选取equals方法中用于比较的所有域（之所以只选择equals()中使用的域，是为了保证上述原则的第1条），然后针对每个域的属性进行计算：
(1) boolean，c = f ? 1:0
(2) byte\char\short\int,  c= (int)f
(3) long，c = (int)(f ^ (f >>> 32))
(4) float，c = Float.floatToIntBits(f)
(5) double，long l = Double.doubleToLongBits(f)，c = (int)(l ^ (l >>> 32))
(6) Object，对里面的属性采用上面同一的方法来判断
(7) 如果是数组，那么需要为每个元素当做单独的域来处理。java.util.Arrays.hashCode方法包含了8种基本类型数组和引用数组的hashCode计算，算法同上。
(8)、最后，把每个域的散列码合并到对象的哈希码中。

一个具体例子

public class Person {

    private String name;

    private byte[] password ;

    private String nickname ; // ignore the nickname

    private int age ;

    private double height ;

    private long birthYear ;

    private float sex ;

    private boolean alive;

    public Person(String name, byte[] password, int age, double height, long birthYear, float sex, boolean alive , String nickname) {
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
        this.nickname = nickname;
        this.age = age;
        this.height = height;
        this.birthYear = birthYear;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.alive = alive;
    }


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public byte[]  getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(byte[]  password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getNickname() {
        return nickname;
    }

    public void setNickname(String nickname) {
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }


    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public double getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    public void setHeight(double height) {
        this.height = height;
    }

    public long getBirthYear() {
        return birthYear;
    }

    public void setBirthYear(long birthYear) {
        this.birthYear = birthYear;
    }

    public float getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(float sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public boolean isAlive() {
        return alive;
    }

    public void setAlive(boolean alive) {
        this.alive = alive;
    }

    /**
     * Joshua Bloch's recipe
     * @return int
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = 17 ;
        result = 37 * result + name.hashCode();
        result = 37 * result + Arrays.hashCode(password);
        result = 37 * result + age;
        long l = Double.doubleToLongBits(height);
        result = 37 * result + (int)(l ^ (l >>> 32));
        result = 37 * result + (int)(birthYear ^ (birthYear >>> 32));
        result = 37 * result + Float.floatToIntBits(sex);
        result = 37 * result + (alive ? 0 : 1 );
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj){
            return true;
        }
        if (obj instanceof Person){
            Person anotherPerson = (Person)obj;
            if (this.getName().equals(anotherPerson.getName())
                    && Arrays.equals(this.getPassword(),anotherPerson.getPassword())
                    && this.age == anotherPerson.getAge()
                    && this.height == anotherPerson.getHeight()
                    && this.birthYear == anotherPerson.getBirthYear()
                    && this.sex == anotherPerson.getSex()
                    && this.alive == anotherPerson.isAlive()
                    ){
                return true;
            }else {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String  name = "Tom";
        byte [] password = "123".getBytes();
        int age = 18 ;
        double height = 3.14;
        long birthYear = 2000 ;
        float sex  = 1 ;
        boolean alive = true ;
        Person Tom  = new Person(name,password,age,height,birthYear,sex,alive,"Tom");
        Person Deal = new Person(name,password,13,height,birthYear,sex,alive,"Deal");
        Person Jack = new Person(name,password,age,height,birthYear,sex,alive,"Jack");

        // map是根据hashcode来判断的,然后还有疑惑,尝试把 Person.hashcode函数注释再运行程序,你会明白
        Map<Person,String> personStringMap = new HashMap<Person, String>(10);
        personStringMap.put(Tom,"Tom");
        personStringMap.put(Deal,"Deal");

        System.out.println("Tom's nickname is : "+personStringMap.get(Tom));
        System.out.println("Jack's nickname is : "+personStringMap.get(Jack));
        System.out.println("Deal's nickname is : "+personStringMap.get(Deal));
        System.out.println("is Tom equals to Jack : "+Tom.equals(Jack));

        // list 的contains 是根据equal方法来判断的
        List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
        persons.add(Tom);
        persons.add(Deal);
        System.out.println("persons contains Jack: " + persons.contains(Jack));
        System.out.println("persons contains Deal: " + persons.contains(Deal));
    }
}

 参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/kismetv/p/7191736.html

 参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/dolphin0520/p/3681042.html